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-- Base de données : `OpenPlanetsMaps`
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-- Déchargement des données de la table `EARTH`
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INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 0)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(5, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(6, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 5)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(7, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 6)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(8, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 7)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(9, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 8)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(10, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 9)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(11, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 10)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(12, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 11)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(13, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 12)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(14, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 13)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(15, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 14)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(16, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 15)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(17, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 16)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(18, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 17)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(19, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 18)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(20, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 19)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(21, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 20)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(22, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 21)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(23, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 22)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(24, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 23)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(25, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 24)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(26, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 25)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(27, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 26)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(28, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 27)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(29, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 28)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(30, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 29)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(31, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 30)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(32, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 31)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(33, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 32)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(34, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 33)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(35, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 34)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(36, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 35)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(37, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 36)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(38, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 37)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(39, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 38)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(40, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 39)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(41, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 40)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(42, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 41)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(43, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 42)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(44, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 43)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(45, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 44)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(46, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 45)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(47, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 46)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(48, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 47)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(49, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 48)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(50, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 49)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(51, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 50)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(52, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 51)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(53, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 52)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(54, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 53)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(55, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 54)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(56, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 55)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(57, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 56)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(58, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 57)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(59, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 58)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(60, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 59)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(61, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 60)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(62, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 61)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(63, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 62)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(64, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 63)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(65, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 64)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(66, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 65)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(67, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 66)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(68, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 67)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(69, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 68)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(70, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 69)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(71, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 70)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(72, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 71)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(73, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 72)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(74, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 73)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(75, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 74)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(76, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 75)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(77, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 76)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(78, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 77)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(79, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 78)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(80, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 79)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(81, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 80)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(82, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 81)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(83, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 82)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(84, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 83)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(85, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 84)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(86, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 85)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(87, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 86)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(88, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 87)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(89, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 88)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(90, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 89)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(91, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 90)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(92, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 91)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(93, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 92)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(94, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 93)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(95, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 94)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(96, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 95)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(97, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 96)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(98, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 97)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(99, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 98)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(100, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 99)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(101, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(102, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 101)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(103, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(104, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(105, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(106, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(107, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(108, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(109, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(110, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(111, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(112, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(113, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 112)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(114, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(115, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(116, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(117, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(118, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(119, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(120, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 119)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(121, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(122, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(123, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(124, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(125, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(126, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(127, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(128, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(129, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(130, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(131, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(132, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(133, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(134, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(135, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(136, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(137, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(138, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(139, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(140, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(141, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(142, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(143, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(144, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 143)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(145, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(146, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(147, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 146)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(148, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(149, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(150, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(151, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(152, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(153, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(154, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(155, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(156, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(157, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(158, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 157)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(159, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(160, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(161, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(162, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(163, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(164, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(165, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 164)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(166, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(167, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(168, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(169, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(170, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(171, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(172, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(173, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(174, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(175, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(176, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(177, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(178, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(179, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(180, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(181, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(182, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(183, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(184, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(185, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(186, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(187, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(188, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(189, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 188)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(190, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(191, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(192, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 191)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(193, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(194, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(195, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(196, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(197, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(198, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(199, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(200, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(201, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(202, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(203, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 202)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(204, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(205, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(206, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(207, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(208, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(209, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(210, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 209)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(211, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(212, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(213, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(214, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(215, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(216, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(217, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(218, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(219, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(220, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(221, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(222, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(223, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(224, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(225, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(226, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(227, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(228, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(229, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(230, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(231, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(232, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(233, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(234, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 233)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(235, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(236, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(237, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 236)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(238, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(239, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(240, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(241, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(242, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(243, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(244, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(245, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(246, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(247, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(248, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 247)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(249, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(250, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(251, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(252, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(253, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(254, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(255, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 254)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(256, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(257, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(258, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(259, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(260, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(261, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(262, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(263, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(264, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(265, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(266, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(267, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(268, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(269, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(270, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(271, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(272, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(273, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(274, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(275, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(276, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(277, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(278, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(279, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 278)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(280, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(281, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(282, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 281)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(283, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(284, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(285, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(286, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(287, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(288, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(289, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(290, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(291, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(292, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(293, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 292)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(294, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(295, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(296, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(297, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(298, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(299, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(300, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 299)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(301, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(302, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(303, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(304, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(305, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(306, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(307, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(308, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(309, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(310, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(311, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(312, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(313, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(314, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(315, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(316, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(317, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(318, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(319, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(320, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(321, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(322, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(323, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(324, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 323)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(325, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(326, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(327, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 326)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(328, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(329, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(330, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(331, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(332, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(333, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(334, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(335, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(336, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(337, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(338, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 337)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(339, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(340, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(341, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(342, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(343, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(344, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(345, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 344)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(346, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(347, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 346)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(348, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(349, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(350, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(351, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(352, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(353, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(354, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(355, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(356, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(357, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(358, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(359, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(360, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(361, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(362, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(363, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(364, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(365, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(366, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(367, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(368, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(369, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 368)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(370, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(371, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(372, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 371)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(373, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(374, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(375, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(376, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(377, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(378, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(379, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(380, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(381, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(382, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(383, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 382)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(384, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(385, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(386, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(387, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(388, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(389, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(390, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 389)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(391, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(392, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(393, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(394, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(395, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(396, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(397, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(398, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(399, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(400, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(401, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(402, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(403, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(404, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(405, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(406, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(407, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(408, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(409, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(410, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(411, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(412, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(413, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(414, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 413)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(415, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(416, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(417, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 416)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(418, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(419, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 418)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(420, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(421, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(422, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(423, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(424, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(425, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(426, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(427, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(428, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 427)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(429, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(430, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(431, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(432, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(433, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(434, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(435, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 434)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(436, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(437, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(438, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(439, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(440, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(441, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(442, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(443, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(444, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(445, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(446, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(447, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(448, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(449, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(450, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(451, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(452, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(453, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(454, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(455, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(456, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(457, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(458, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(459, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 458)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(460, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(461, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(462, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 461)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(463, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(464, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(465, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(466, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(467, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(468, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(469, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(470, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(471, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(472, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(473, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 472)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(474, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(475, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(476, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(477, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(478, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(479, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(480, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 479)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(481, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(482, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(483, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(484, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(485, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(486, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(487, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(488, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(489, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(490, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(491, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(492, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(493, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(494, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(495, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(496, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(497, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(498, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(499, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(500, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(501, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(502, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(503, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(504, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 503)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(505, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(506, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(507, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 506)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(508, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(509, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 508)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(510, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(511, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(512, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 511)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(513, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(514, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(515, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 514)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(516, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(517, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(518, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 517)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(519, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 518)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(520, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(521, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(522, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(523, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 522)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(524, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(525, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 524)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(526, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(527, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 526)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(528, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(529, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(530, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(531, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(532, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(533, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(534, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(535, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(536, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(537, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(538, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(539, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 538)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(540, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(541, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(542, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(543, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 542)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(544, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(545, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 544)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(546, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(547, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(548, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(549, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 548)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(550, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(551, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(552, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 551)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(553, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(554, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 553)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(555, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(556, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(557, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(558, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(559, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(560, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(561, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(562, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(563, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 562)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(564, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(565, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(566, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(567, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 566)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(568, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(569, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(570, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 569)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(571, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(572, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(573, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(574, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(575, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 574)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(576, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(577, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(578, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 577)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(579, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(580, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(581, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(582, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(583, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(584, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(585, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(586, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(587, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 586)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(588, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(589, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(590, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(591, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(592, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(593, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(594, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 593)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(595, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 594)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(596, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(597, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 596)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(598, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(599, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 598)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(600, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(601, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(602, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(603, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(604, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(605, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(606, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(607, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(608, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 607)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(609, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(610, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(611, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 610)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(612, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(613, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(614, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(615, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 614)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(616, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(617, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(618, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(619, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 618)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(620, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(621, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(622, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 621)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(623, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 622)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(624, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(625, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(626, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(627, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(628, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(629, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(630, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(631, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(632, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(633, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 632)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(634, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(635, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 634)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(636, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(637, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(638, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(639, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 638)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(640, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(641, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(642, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 641)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(643, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 642)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(644, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 643)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(645, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(646, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(647, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 646)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(648, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(649, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(650, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(651, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(652, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(653, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 652)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(654, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(655, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 654)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(656, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(657, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(658, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(659, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(660, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 659)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(661, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(662, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(663, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(664, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(665, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(666, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(667, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 666)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(668, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(669, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(670, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(671, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 670)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(672, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(673, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(674, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(675, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 674)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(676, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(677, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 676)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(678, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(679, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(680, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(681, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(682, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(683, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(684, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 683)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(685, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(686, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(687, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 686)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(688, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 687)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(689, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 688)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(690, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(691, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(692, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(693, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(694, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(695, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 694)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(696, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(697, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(698, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 697)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(699, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 698)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(700, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(701, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(702, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(703, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 702)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(704, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(705, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 704)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(706, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(707, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 706)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(708, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(709, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(710, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 709)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(711, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(712, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(713, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(714, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(715, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(716, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(717, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(718, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(719, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 718)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(720, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(721, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(722, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(723, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 722)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(724, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(725, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(726, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(727, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(728, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(729, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 728)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(730, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(731, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(732, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 731)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(733, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(734, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 733)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(735, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(736, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(737, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(738, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(739, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(740, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(741, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(742, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(743, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 742)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(744, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(745, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(746, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(747, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 746)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(748, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(749, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(750, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 749)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(751, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(752, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(753, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(754, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 753)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(755, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 754)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(756, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(757, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(758, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 757)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(759, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(760, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(761, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 760)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(762, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(763, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(764, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 763)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(765, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 764)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(766, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 765)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(767, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 766)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(768, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 767)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(769, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 768)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(770, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 769)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(771, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 770)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(772, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 771)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(773, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 772)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(774, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 773)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(775, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 774)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(776, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 775)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(777, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 776)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(778, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 777)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(779, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 778)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(780, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 779)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(781, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 780)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(782, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 781)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(783, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 782)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(784, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 783)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(785, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 784)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(786, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 785)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(787, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 786)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(788, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 787)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(789, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 788)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(790, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 789)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(791, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 790)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(792, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 791)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(793, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 792)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(794, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 793)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(795, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 794)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(796, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 795)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(797, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 796)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(798, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 797)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(799, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 798)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(800, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 799)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(801, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 800)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(802, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 801)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(803, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 802)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(804, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 803)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(805, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 804)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(806, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 805)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(807, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 806)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(808, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 807)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(809, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 808)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(810, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 809)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(811, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 810)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(812, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 811)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(813, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 812)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(814, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 813)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(815, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 814)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(816, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 815)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(817, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 816)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(818, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 817)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(819, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 818)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(820, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 819)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(821, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 820)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(822, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 821)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(823, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 822)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(824, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 823)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(825, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 824)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(826, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 825)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(827, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 826)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(828, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 827)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(829, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 828)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(830, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 829)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(831, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 830)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(832, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 831)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(833, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 832)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(834, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 833)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(835, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 834)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(836, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 835)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(837, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 836)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(838, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 837)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(839, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 838)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(840, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 839)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(841, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 840)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(842, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 841)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(843, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 842)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(844, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 843)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(845, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 844)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(846, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 845)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(847, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 846)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(848, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 847)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(849, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 848)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(850, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 849)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(851, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 850)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(852, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 851)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(853, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 852)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(854, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 853)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(855, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 854)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(856, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 855)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(857, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 856)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(858, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 857)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(859, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 858)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(860, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 859)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(861, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 860)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(862, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 861)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(863, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 862)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(864, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 863)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(865, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 864)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(866, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 865)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(867, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 866)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(868, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 867)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(869, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 868)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(870, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 869)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(871, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 870)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(872, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 871)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(873, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 872)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(874, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 873)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(875, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 874)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(876, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 875)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(877, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 876)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(878, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 877)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(879, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 878)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(880, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 879)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(881, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 880)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(882, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 881)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(883, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 882)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(884, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 883)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(885, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 884)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(886, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 885)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(887, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 886)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(888, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 887)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(889, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 888)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(890, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 889)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(891, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 890)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(892, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 891)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(893, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 892)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(894, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 893)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(895, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 894)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(896, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 895)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(897, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 896)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(898, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 897)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(899, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 898)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(900, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 899)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(901, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 900)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(902, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 901)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(903, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 902)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(904, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 903)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(905, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 904)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(906, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 905)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(907, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 906)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(908, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 907)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(909, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 908)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(910, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 909)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(911, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 910)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(912, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 911)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(913, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 912)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(914, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 913)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(915, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 914)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(916, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 915)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(917, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 916)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(918, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 917)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(919, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 918)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(920, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 919)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(921, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 920)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(922, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 921)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(923, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 922)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(924, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 923)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(925, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 924)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(926, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 925)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(927, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 926)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(928, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 927)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(929, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 928)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(930, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 929)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(931, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 930)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(932, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 931)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(933, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 932)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(934, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 933)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(935, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 934)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(936, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 935)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(937, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 936)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(938, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 937)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(939, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 938)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(940, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 939)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(941, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 940)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(942, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 941)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(943, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 942)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(944, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 943)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(945, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 944)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(946, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 945)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(947, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 946)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(948, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 947)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(949, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 948)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(950, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 949)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(951, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 950)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(952, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 951)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(953, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 952)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(954, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 953)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(955, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 954)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(956, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 955)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(957, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 956)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(958, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 957)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(959, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 958)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(960, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 959)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(961, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 960)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(962, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 961)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(963, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 962)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(964, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 963)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(965, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 964)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(966, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 965)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(967, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 966)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(968, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 967)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(969, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 968)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(970, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 969)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(971, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 970)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(972, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 971)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(973, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 972)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(974, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 973)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(975, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 974)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(976, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 975)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(977, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 976)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(978, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 977)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(979, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 978)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(980, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 979)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(981, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 980)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(982, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 981)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(983, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 982)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(984, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 983)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(985, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 984)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(986, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 985)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(987, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 986)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(988, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 987)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(989, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 988)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(990, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 989)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(991, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 990)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(992, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 991)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(993, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 992)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(994, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 993)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(995, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 994)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(996, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 995)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(997, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 996)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(998, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 997)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(999, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 998)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1000, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 999)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1001, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1000)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1002, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1001)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1003, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1002)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1004, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1003)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1005, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1004)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1006, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1005)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1007, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1006)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1008, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1007)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1009, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1008)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1010, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1009)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1011, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1010)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1012, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1011)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1013, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1012)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1014, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1013)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1015, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1014)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1016, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1015)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1017, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1016)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1018, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1017)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1019, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1018)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1020, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1019)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1021, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1020)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1022, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1021)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1023, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1022)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1024, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1023)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1025, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1024)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1026, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1025)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1027, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1026)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1028, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1027)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1029, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1028)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1030, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1029)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1031, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1030)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1032, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1031)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1033, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1032)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1034, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1033)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1035, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1034)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1036, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1035)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1037, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1036)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1038, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1037)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1039, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1038)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1040, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1039)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1041, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1040)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1042, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1041)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1043, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1042)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1044, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1043)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1045, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1044)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1046, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1045)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1047, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1046)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1048, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1047)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1049, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1048)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1050, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1049)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1051, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1050)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1052, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1051)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1053, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1052)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1054, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1053)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1055, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1054)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1056, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1055)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1057, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1056)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1058, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1057)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1059, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1058)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1060, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1059)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1061, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1060)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1062, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1061)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1063, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1062)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1064, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1063)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1065, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1064)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1066, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1065)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1067, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1066)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1068, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1067)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1069, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1068)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1070, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1069)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1071, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1070)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1072, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1071)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1073, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1072)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1074, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1073)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1075, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1074)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1076, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1075)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1077, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1076)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1078, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1077)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1079, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1078)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1080, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1079)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1081, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1080)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1082, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1081)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1083, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1082)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1084, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1083)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1085, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1084)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1086, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1085)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1087, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1086)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1088, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1087)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1089, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1088)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1090, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1089)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1091, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1090)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1092, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1091)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1093, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1092)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1094, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1093)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1095, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1094)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1096, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1095)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1097, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1096)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1098, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1097)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1099, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1098)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1100, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1099)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1101, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1102, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1103, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1102)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1104, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1105, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1106, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1107, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1108, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1109, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1110, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1109)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1111, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1112, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1113, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1114, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1115, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1116, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1117, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1118, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1119, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1120, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1121, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1122, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1123, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1124, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1125, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1126, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1127, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1128, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1129, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1130, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1131, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1132, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1133, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1134, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1133)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1135, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1136, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1137, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1136)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1138, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1139, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1140, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1141, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1142, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1143, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1144, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1145, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1146, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1147, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1148, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1147)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1149, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1150, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1151, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1152, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1153, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1154, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1155, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1154)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1156, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1157, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1158, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1159, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1160, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1161, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1162, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1163, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1164, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1165, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1166, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1167, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1168, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1169, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1170, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1171, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1172, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1173, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1174, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1175, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1176, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1177, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1178, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1179, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1178)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1180, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1181, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1182, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1181)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1183, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1184, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1185, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1186, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1187, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1188, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1189, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1190, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1191, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1192, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1193, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1192)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1194, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1195, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1196, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1197, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1198, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1199, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1200, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1199)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1201, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1202, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1203, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1204, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1205, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1206, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1207, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1208, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1209, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1210, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1211, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1212, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1213, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1214, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1215, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1216, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1217, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1218, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1219, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1220, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1221, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1222, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1223, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1224, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1223)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1225, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1226, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1227, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1226)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1228, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1229, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1230, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1231, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1232, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1233, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1234, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1235, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1236, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1237, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1238, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1237)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1239, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1240, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1241, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1242, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1243, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1244, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1245, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1244)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1246, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1247, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1248, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1249, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1250, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1251, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1252, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1253, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1254, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1255, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1256, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1257, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1258, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1259, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1260, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1261, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1262, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1263, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1264, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1265, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1266, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1267, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1268, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1269, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1268)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1270, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1271, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1272, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1271)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1273, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1274, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1275, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1276, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1277, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1278, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1279, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1280, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1281, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1282, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1283, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1282)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1284, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1285, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1286, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1287, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1288, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1289, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1290, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1289)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1291, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1292, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1293, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1294, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1295, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1296, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1297, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1298, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1299, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1300, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1301, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1302, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1303, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1304, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1305, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1306, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1307, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1308, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1309, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1310, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1311, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1312, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1313, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1314, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1313)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1315, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1316, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1317, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1316)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1318, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1319, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1320, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1321, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1322, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1323, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1324, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1325, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1326, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1327, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1328, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1327)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1329, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1330, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1331, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1332, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1333, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1334, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1335, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1334)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1336, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1337, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1338, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1339, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1340, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1341, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1342, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1343, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1344, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1345, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1346, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1347, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1346)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1348, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1349, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1350, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1351, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1352, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1353, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1354, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1355, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1356, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1357, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1358, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1359, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1358)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1360, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1361, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1362, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1361)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1363, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1364, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1365, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1366, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1367, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1368, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1369, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1370, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1371, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1372, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1373, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1372)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1374, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1375, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1376, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1377, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1378, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1379, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1380, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1379)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1381, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1382, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1383, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1382)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1384, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1385, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1386, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1387, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1388, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1389, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1390, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1391, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1392, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1393, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1394, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1395, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1396, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1397, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1398, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1399, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1400, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1401, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1402, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1403, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1404, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1403)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1405, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1406, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1407, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1406)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1408, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1409, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1410, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1411, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1412, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1413, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1414, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1415, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1416, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1417, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1418, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1417)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1419, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1418)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1420, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1421, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1422, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1423, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1424, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1425, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1424)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1426, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1427, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1428, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1429, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1430, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1431, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1432, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1433, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1434, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1435, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1434)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1436, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1437, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1438, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1439, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1440, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1441, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1442, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1443, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1444, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1445, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1446, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1447, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1448, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1449, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1448)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1450, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1451, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1452, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1451)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1453, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1454, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1455, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1456, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1457, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1458, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1459, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1460, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1461, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1462, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1463, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1462)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1464, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1465, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1466, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1467, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1468, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1469, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1470, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1469)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1471, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1472, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1473, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1474, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1475, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1476, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1477, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1478, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1479, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1480, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1481, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1482, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1483, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1484, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1485, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1486, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1487, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1488, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1489, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1490, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1491, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1492, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1493, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1494, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1493)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1495, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1496, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1497, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1496)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1498, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1499, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1500, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1501, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1502, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1503, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1504, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1505, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1506, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1507, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1506)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1508, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1507)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1509, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1508)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1510, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1511, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1512, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1511)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1513, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1514, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1515, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1514)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1516, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1517, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1518, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1517)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1519, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1518)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1520, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1521, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1522, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1523, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1522)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1524, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1525, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1526, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1527, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1526)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1528, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1529, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1530, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1531, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1532, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1533, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1534, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1535, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1536, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1537, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1538, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1539, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1538)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1540, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1541, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1542, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1541)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1543, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1542)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1544, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1545, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1544)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1546, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1547, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1548, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1549, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1550, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1551, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1552, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1553, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1552)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1554, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1553)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1555, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1556, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1557, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1558, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1559, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1560, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1559)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1561, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1562, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1563, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1562)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1564, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1565, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1566, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1567, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1566)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1568, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1569, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1570, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1571, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1572, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1573, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1574, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1575, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1574)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1576, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1577, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1578, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1577)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1579, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1580, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1581, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1582, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1583, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1584, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1583)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1585, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1586, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1587, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1586)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1588, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1589, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1590, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1591, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1592, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1593, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1594, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1595, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1594)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1596, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1597, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1598, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1597)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1599, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1598)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1600, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1601, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1602, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1603, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1604, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1605, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1604)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1606, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1607, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1608, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1607)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1609, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1610, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1611, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1610)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1612, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1613, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1614, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1615, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1614)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1616, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1617, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1618, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1619, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1618)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1620, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1621, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1622, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1621)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1623, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1622)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1624, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1625, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1626, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1627, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1628, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1629, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1628)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1630, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1631, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1632, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1631)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1633, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1632)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1634, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1635, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1634)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1636, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1637, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1638, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1639, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1638)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1640, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1641, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1642, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1643, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1642)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1644, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1643)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1645, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1646, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1647, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1646)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1648, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1649, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1650, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1649)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1651, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1652, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1653, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1652)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1654, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1655, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1654)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1656, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1657, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1658, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1659, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1660, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1661, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1662, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1663, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1664, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1665, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1666, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1667, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1666)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1668, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1669, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1670, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1671, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1670)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1672, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1673, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1674, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1673)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1675, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1674)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1676, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1677, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1676)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1678, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1679, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1680, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1681, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1682, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1683, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1684, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1685, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1686, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1687, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1686)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1688, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1687)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1689, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1688)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1690, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1691, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1692, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1693, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1694, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1695, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1694)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1696, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1697, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1698, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1697)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1699, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1698)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1700, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1701, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1702, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1703, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1702)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1704, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1705, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1706, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1707, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1706)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1708, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1709, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1710, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1709)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1711, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1712, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1713, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1714, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1715, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1716, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1717, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1718, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1719, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1718)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1720, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1721, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1722, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1721)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1723, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1722)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1724, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1725, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1726, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1727, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1728, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1729, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1730, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1731, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1732, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1731)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1733, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1732)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1734, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1733)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1735, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1736, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1737, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1738, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1739, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1740, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1739)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1741, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1742, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1743, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1742)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1744, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1745, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1746, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1747, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1746)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1748, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1749, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1750, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1751, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1752, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1753, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1754, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1753)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1755, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1754)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1756, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1757, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1758, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1757)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1759, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1760, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1761, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1760)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1762, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1763, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1764, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1763)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1765, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1764)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1766, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1765)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1767, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1766)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1768, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1767)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1769, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1768)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1770, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1769)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1771, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1770)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1772, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1771)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1773, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1772)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1774, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1773)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1775, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1774)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1776, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1775)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1777, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1776)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1778, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1777)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1779, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1778)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1780, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1779)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1781, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1780)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1782, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1781)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1783, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1782)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1784, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1783)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1785, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1784)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1786, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1785)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1787, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1786)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1788, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1787)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1789, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1788)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1790, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1789)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1791, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1790)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1792, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1791)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1793, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1792)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1794, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1793)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1795, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1794)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1796, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1795)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1797, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1796)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1798, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1797)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1799, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1798)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1800, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1799)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1801, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1800)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1802, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1801)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1803, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1802)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1804, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1803)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1805, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1804)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1806, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1805)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1807, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1806)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1808, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1807)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1809, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1808)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1810, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1809)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1811, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1810)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1812, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1811)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1813, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1812)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1814, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1813)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1815, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1814)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1816, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1815)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1817, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1816)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1818, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1817)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1819, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1818)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1820, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1819)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1821, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1820)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1822, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1821)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1823, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1822)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1824, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1823)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1825, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1824)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1826, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1825)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1827, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1826)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1828, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1827)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1829, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1828)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1830, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1829)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1831, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1830)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1832, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1831)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1833, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1832)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1834, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1833)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1835, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1834)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1836, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1835)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1837, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1836)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1838, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1837)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1839, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1838)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1840, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1839)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1841, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1840)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1842, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1841)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1843, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1842)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1844, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1843)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1845, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1844)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1846, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1845)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1847, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1846)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1848, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1847)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1849, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1848)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1850, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1849)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1851, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1850)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1852, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1851)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1853, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1852)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1854, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1853)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1855, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1854)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1856, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1855)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1857, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1856)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1858, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1857)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1859, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1858)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1860, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1859)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1861, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1860)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1862, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1861)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1863, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1862)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1864, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1863)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1865, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1864)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1866, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1865)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1867, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1866)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1868, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1867)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1869, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1868)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1870, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1869)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1871, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1870)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1872, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1871)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1873, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1872)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1874, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1873)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1875, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1874)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1876, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1875)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1877, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1876)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1878, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1877)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1879, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1878)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1880, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1879)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1881, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1880)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1882, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1881)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1883, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1882)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1884, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1883)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1885, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1884)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1886, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1885)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1887, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1886)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1888, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1887)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1889, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1888)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1890, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1889)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1891, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1890)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1892, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1891)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1893, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1892)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1894, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1893)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1895, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1894)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1896, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1895)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1897, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1896)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1898, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1897)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1899, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1898)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1900, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1899)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1901, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1900)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1902, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1901)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1903, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1902)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1904, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1903)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1905, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1904)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1906, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1905)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1907, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1906)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1908, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1907)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1909, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1908)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1910, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1909)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1911, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1910)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1912, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1911)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1913, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1912)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1914, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1913)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1915, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1914)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1916, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1915)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1917, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1916)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1918, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1917)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(1919, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1918)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1920, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1919)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1921, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1920)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1922, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1921)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1923, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1922)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1924, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1923)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1925, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1924)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1926, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1925)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1927, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1926)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1928, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1927)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1929, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1928)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1930, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1929)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1931, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1930)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1932, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1931)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1933, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1932)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1934, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1933)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1935, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1934)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1936, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1935)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1937, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1936)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1938, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1937)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1939, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1938)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1940, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1939)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1941, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1940)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1942, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1941)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1943, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1942)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1944, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1943)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1945, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1944)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1946, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1945)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1947, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1946)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1948, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1947)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1949, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1948)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1950, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1949)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1951, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1950)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1952, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1951)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1953, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1952)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1954, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1953)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1955, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1954)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(1956, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 1955)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(1957, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 1956)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1958, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 1957)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(1959, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 1958)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1960, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 1959)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(1961, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 1960)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1962, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1961)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(1963, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 1962)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1964, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 1963)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(1965, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 1964)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(1966, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 1965)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(1967, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 1966)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(1968, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 1967)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(1969, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 1968)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1970, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 1969)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1971, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 1970)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(1972, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 1971)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(1973, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 1972)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1974, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 1973)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1975, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 1974)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(1976, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 1975)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(1977, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 1976)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1978, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 1977)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(1979, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 1978)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(1980, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 1979)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(1981, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1980)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1982, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 1981)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(1983, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 1982)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1984, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 1983)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(1985, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 1984)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(1986, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 1985)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(1987, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 1986)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(1988, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 1987)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1989, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 1988)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(1990, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 1989)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1991, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 1990)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(1992, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 1991)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(1993, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 1992)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(1994, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 1993)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(1995, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 1994)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(1996, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 1995)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(1997, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 1996)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(1998, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 1997)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(1999, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 1998)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2000, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 1999)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2001, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2000)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2002, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2001)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2003, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2002)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2004, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2003)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2005, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2004)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2006, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2005)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2007, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2006)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2008, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2007)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2009, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2008)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2010, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2009)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2011, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2010)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2012, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2011)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2013, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2012)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2014, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2013)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2015, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2014)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2016, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2015)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2017, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2016)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2018, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2017)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2019, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2018)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2020, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2019)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2021, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2020)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2022, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2021)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2023, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2022)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2024, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2023)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2025, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2024)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2026, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2025)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2027, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2026)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2028, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2027)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2029, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2028)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2030, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2029)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2031, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2030)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2032, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2031)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2033, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2032)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2034, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2033)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2035, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2034)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2036, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2035)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2037, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2036)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2038, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2037)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2039, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2038)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2040, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2039)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2041, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2040)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2042, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2041)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2043, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2042)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2044, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2043)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2045, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2044)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2046, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2045)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2047, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2046)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2048, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2047)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2049, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2048)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2050, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2049)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2051, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2050)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2052, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2051)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2053, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2052)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2054, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2053)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2055, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2054)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2056, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2055)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2057, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2056)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2058, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2057)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2059, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2058)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2060, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2059)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2061, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2060)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2062, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2061)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2063, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2062)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2064, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2063)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2065, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2064)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2066, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2065)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2067, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2066)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2068, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2067)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2069, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2068)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2070, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2069)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2071, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2070)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2072, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2071)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2073, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2072)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2074, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2073)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2075, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2074)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2076, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2075)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2077, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2076)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2078, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2077)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2079, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2078)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2080, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2079)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2081, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2080)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2082, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2081)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2083, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2082)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2084, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2083)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2085, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2084)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2086, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2085)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2087, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2086)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2088, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2087)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2089, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2088)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2090, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2089)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2091, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2090)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2092, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2091)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2093, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2092)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2094, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2093)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2095, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2094)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2096, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2095)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2097, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2096)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2098, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2097)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2099, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2098)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2100, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2099)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2101, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2102, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2103, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2104, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2105, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2106, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2107, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2108, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2109, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2110, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2111, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2112, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2113, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2114, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2115, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2116, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2117, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2118, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2119, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2120, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2121, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2122, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2123, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2124, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2123)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2125, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2126, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2127, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2126)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2128, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2129, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2130, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2131, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2132, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2133, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2134, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2135, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2136, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2137, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2138, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2137)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2139, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2140, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2141, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2142, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2143, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2144, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2145, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2144)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2146, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2147, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2148, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2149, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2150, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2151, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2152, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2153, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2154, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2155, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2156, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2157, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2158, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2159, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2160, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2161, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2162, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2163, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2164, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2165, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2166, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2167, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2168, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2169, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2168)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2170, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2171, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2172, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2171)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2173, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2174, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2175, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2176, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2177, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2178, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2179, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2180, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2181, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2182, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2183, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2182)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2184, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2185, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2186, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2187, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2188, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2189, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2190, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2189)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2191, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2192, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2193, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2194, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2195, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2196, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2197, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2198, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2199, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2200, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2201, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2202, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2203, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2204, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2205, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2206, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2207, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2208, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2209, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2210, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2211, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2212, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2213, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2214, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2213)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2215, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2216, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2217, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2216)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2218, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2219, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2220, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2221, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2222, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2223, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2224, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2225, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2226, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2227, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2228, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2227)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2229, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2230, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2231, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2232, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2233, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2234, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2235, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2234)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2236, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2237, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2238, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2239, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2240, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2241, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2242, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2243, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2244, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2245, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2246, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2247, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2248, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2249, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2250, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2251, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2252, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2253, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2254, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2255, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2256, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2257, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2258, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2259, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2258)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2260, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2261, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2262, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2261)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2263, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2264, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2265, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2266, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2267, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2268, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2269, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2270, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2271, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2272, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2273, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2272)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2274, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2275, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2276, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2277, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2278, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2279, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2280, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2279)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2281, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2282, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2283, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2284, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2285, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2286, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2287, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2288, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2289, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2290, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2291, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2292, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2293, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2294, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2295, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2296, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2297, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2298, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2299, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2300, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2301, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2302, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2303, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2304, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2303)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2305, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2306, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2307, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2306)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2308, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2309, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2310, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2311, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2312, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2313, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2314, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2315, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2316, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2317, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2318, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2317)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2319, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2320, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2321, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2322, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2323, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2324, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2325, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2324)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2326, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2327, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2328, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2329, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2330, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2331, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2332, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2333, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2334, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2335, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2336, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2337, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2338, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2339, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2340, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2341, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2342, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2343, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2344, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2345, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2346, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2347, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2346)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2348, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2349, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2348)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2350, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2351, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2352, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2351)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2353, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2354, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2355, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2356, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2357, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2358, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2359, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2360, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2361, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2362, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2363, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2362)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2364, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2365, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2366, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2367, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2368, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2369, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2370, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2369)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2371, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2372, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2373, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2374, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2375, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2376, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2377, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2378, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2379, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2380, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2381, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2382, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2383, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2382)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2384, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2385, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2386, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2387, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2388, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2389, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2390, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2391, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2392, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2393, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2394, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2393)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2395, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2396, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2397, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2396)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2398, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2399, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2400, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2401, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2402, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2403, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2404, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2405, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2406, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2407, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2408, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2407)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2409, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2410, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2411, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2412, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2413, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2414, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2415, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2414)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2416, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2417, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2418, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2419, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2418)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2420, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2421, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2422, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2423, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2424, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2425, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2426, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2427, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2428, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2429, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2430, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2431, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2432, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2433, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2434, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2435, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2434)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2436, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2437, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2438, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2439, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2438)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2440, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2441, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2442, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2441)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2443, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2444, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2445, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2446, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2447, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2448, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2449, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2450, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2451, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2452, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2453, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2452)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2454, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2455, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2456, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2457, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2458, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2459, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2460, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2459)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2461, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2462, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2463, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2464, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2465, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2466, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2467, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2468, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2469, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2470, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2471, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2472, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2473, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2474, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2475, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2476, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2477, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2478, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2479, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2480, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2481, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2482, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2483, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2484, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2483)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2485, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2486, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2487, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2486)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2488, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2489, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2490, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2491, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2492, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2493, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2494, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2495, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2496, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2497, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2498, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2497)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2499, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2500, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2501, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2502, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2503, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2504, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2505, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2504)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2506, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2507, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2506)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2508, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2509, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2508)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2510, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2511, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2512, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2511)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2513, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2514, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2515, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2514)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2516, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2517, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2518, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2517)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2519, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2518)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2520, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2521, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2522, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2523, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2522)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2524, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2525, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2526, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2527, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2526)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2528, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2529, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2528)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2530, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2531, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2532, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2531)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2533, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2534, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2535, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2536, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2537, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2538, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2539, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2538)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2540, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2541, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2542, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2543, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2542)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2544, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2545, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2544)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2546, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2547, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2548, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2549, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2550, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2549)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2551, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2552, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2553, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2554, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2553)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2555, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2556, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2557, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2558, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2559, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2560, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2561, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2562, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2563, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2562)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2564, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2565, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2566, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2567, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2566)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2568, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2569, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2570, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2571, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2572, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2573, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2574, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2573)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2575, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2574)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2576, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2577, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2576)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2578, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2577)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2579, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2580, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2581, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2582, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2583, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2584, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2585, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2586, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2587, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2586)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2588, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2587)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2589, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2590, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2591, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2592, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2593, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2594, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2595, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2594)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2596, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2597, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2598, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2599, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2598)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2600, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2601, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2602, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2603, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2604, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2605, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2606, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2607, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2608, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2607)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2609, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2610, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2611, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2610)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2612, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2613, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2614, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2615, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2614)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2616, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2617, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2618, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2619, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2618)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2620, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2621, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2622, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2621)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2623, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2622)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2624, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2625, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2626, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2627, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2628, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2629, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2630, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2631, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2632, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2633, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2632)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2634, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2635, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2634)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2636, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2637, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2638, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2639, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2638)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2640, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2639)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2641, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2642, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2643, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2642)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2644, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2643)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2645, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2646, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2647, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2646)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2648, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2649, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2650, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2651, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2652, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2653, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2652)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2654, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2655, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2654)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2656, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2657, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2658, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2659, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2660, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2661, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2662, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2663, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2664, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2663)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2665, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2666, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2667, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2666)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2668, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2669, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2670, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2671, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2670)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2672, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2673, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2674, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2675, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2674)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2676, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2677, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2676)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2678, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2677)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2679, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2680, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2681, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2682, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2683, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2684, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2685, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2684)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2686, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2687, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2686)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2688, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2687)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2689, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2688)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2690, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2691, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2692, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2693, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2694, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2695, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2694)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2696, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2697, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2698, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2697)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2699, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2698)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2700, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2701, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2702, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2703, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2702)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2704, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2705, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2706, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2707, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2706)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2708, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2709, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2708)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2710, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2709)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2711, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2712, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2711)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2713, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2714, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2715, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2716, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2717, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2718, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2719, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2718)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2720, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2721, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2722, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2723, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2722)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2724, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2725, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2726, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2727, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2728, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2729, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2730, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2729)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2731, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2732, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2731)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2733, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2734, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2733)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2735, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2736, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2737, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2738, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2739, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2740, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2741, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2742, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2743, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2742)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2744, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2745, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2746, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2747, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2746)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2748, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2749, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2750, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2751, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2752, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2753, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2754, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2753)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2755, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2754)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2756, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2757, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2756)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2758, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2757)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2759, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2760, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2761, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2760)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2762, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2763, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2764, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2763)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2765, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2764)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2766, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2765)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2767, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2766)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2768, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2767)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2769, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2768)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2770, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2769)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2771, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2770)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2772, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2771)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2773, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2772)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2774, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2773)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2775, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2774)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2776, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2775)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2777, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2776)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2778, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2777)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2779, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2778)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2780, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2779)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2781, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2780)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2782, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2781)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2783, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2782)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2784, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2783)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2785, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2784)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2786, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2785)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2787, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2786)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2788, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2787)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2789, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2788)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2790, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2789)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2791, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2790)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2792, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2791)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2793, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2792)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2794, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2793)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2795, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2794)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2796, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2795)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2797, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2796)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2798, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2797)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2799, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2798)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2800, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2799)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2801, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2800)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2802, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2801)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2803, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2802)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2804, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2803)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2805, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2804)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2806, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2805)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2807, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2806)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2808, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2807)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2809, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2808)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2810, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2809)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2811, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2810)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2812, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2811)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2813, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2812)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2814, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2813)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2815, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2814)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2816, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2815)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2817, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2816)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2818, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2817)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2819, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2818)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2820, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2819)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2821, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2820)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2822, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2821)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2823, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2822)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2824, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2823)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2825, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2824)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2826, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2825)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2827, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2826)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2828, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2827)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2829, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2828)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2830, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2829)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2831, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2830)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2832, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2831)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2833, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2832)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2834, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2833)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2835, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2834)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2836, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2835)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2837, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2836)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2838, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2837)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2839, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2838)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2840, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2839)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2841, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2840)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2842, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2841)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2843, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2842)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2844, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2843)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2845, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2844)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2846, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2845)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2847, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2846)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2848, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2847)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2849, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2848)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2850, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2849)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2851, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2850)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2852, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2851)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2853, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2852)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2854, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2853)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2855, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2854)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2856, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2855)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2857, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2856)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2858, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2857)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2859, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2858)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2860, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2859)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2861, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2860)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2862, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2861)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2863, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2862)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2864, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2863)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2865, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2864)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2866, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2865)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2867, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2866)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2868, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2867)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2869, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2868)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2870, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2869)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2871, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2870)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2872, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2871)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2873, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2872)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2874, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2873)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2875, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2874)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2876, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2875)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2877, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2876)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2878, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2877)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2879, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2878)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2880, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2879)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2881, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2880)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2882, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2881)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2883, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2882)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2884, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2883)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2885, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2884)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2886, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2885)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2887, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2886)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2888, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2887)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2889, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2888)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2890, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2889)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2891, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2890)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2892, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2891)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2893, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2892)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2894, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2893)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2895, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2894)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2896, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2895)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2897, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2896)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2898, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2897)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2899, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2898)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2900, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2899)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2901, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2900)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2902, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2901)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2903, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2902)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2904, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2903)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2905, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2904)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2906, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2905)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2907, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2906)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2908, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2907)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2909, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2908)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2910, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2909)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2911, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2910)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2912, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2911)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2913, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2912)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2914, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2913)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2915, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2914)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2916, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2915)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2917, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2916)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2918, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2917)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2919, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2918)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2920, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2919)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(2921, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2920)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2922, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2921)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2923, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2922)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2924, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2923)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2925, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2924)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2926, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2925)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2927, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2926)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2928, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2927)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2929, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2928)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2930, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2929)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2931, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2930)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2932, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2931)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2933, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2932)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2934, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2933)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2935, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2934)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2936, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2935)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2937, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2936)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2938, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2937)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2939, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2938)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2940, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2939)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2941, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2940)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2942, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2941)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2943, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2942)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2944, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2943)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2945, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2944)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2946, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2945)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2947, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2946)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2948, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2947)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2949, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2948)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2950, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2949)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2951, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2950)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2952, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2951)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2953, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2952)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2954, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2953)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(2955, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2954)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(2956, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2955)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(2957, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 2956)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(2958, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 2957)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(2959, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 2958)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2960, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 2959)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2961, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 2960)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(2962, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 2961)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(2963, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 2962)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2964, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 2963)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2965, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 2964)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(2966, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 2965)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(2967, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 2966)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2968, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 2967)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(2969, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 2968)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(2970, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 2969)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(2971, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2970)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2972, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 2971)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(2973, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 2972)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2974, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 2973)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(2975, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 2974)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(2976, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 2975)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(2977, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 2976)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2978, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 2977)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2979, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 2978)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(2980, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 2979)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2981, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 2980)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(2982, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 2981)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(2983, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 2982)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(2984, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 2983)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(2985, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 2984)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(2986, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 2985)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(2987, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 2986)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(2988, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 2987)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2989, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 2988)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2990, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 2989)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(2991, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 2990)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(2992, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 2991)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2993, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 2992)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(2994, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 2993)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(2995, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 2994)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(2996, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 2995)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(2997, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 2996)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(2998, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 2997)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(2999, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 2998)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3000, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 2999)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3001, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3000)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3002, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3001)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3003, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3002)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3004, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3003)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3005, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3004)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3006, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3005)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3007, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3006)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3008, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3007)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3009, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3008)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3010, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3009)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3011, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3010)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3012, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3011)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3013, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3012)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3014, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3013)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3015, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3014)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3016, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3015)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3017, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3016)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3018, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3017)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3019, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3018)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3020, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3019)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3021, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3020)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3022, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3021)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3023, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3022)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3024, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3023)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3025, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3024)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3026, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3025)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3027, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3026)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3028, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3027)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3029, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3028)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3030, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3029)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3031, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3030)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3032, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3031)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3033, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3032)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3034, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3033)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3035, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3034)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3036, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3035)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3037, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3036)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3038, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3037)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3039, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3038)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3040, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3039)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3041, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3040)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3042, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3041)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3043, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3042)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3044, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3043)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3045, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3044)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3046, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3045)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3047, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3046)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3048, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3047)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3049, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3048)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3050, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3049)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3051, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3050)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3052, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3051)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3053, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3052)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3054, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3053)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3055, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3054)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3056, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3055)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3057, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3056)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3058, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3057)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3059, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3058)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3060, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3059)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3061, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3060)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3062, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3061)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3063, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3062)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3064, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3063)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3065, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3064)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3066, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3065)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3067, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3066)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3068, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3067)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3069, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3068)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3070, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3069)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3071, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3070)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3072, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3071)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3073, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3072)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3074, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3073)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3075, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3074)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3076, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3075)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3077, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3076)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3078, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3077)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3079, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3078)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3080, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3079)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3081, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3080)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3082, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3081)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3083, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3082)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3084, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3083)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3085, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3084)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3086, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3085)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3087, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3086)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3088, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3087)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3089, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3088)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3090, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3089)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3091, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3090)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3092, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3091)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3093, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3092)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3094, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3093)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3095, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3094)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3096, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3095)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3097, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3096)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3098, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3097)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3099, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3098)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3100, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3099)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3101, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3102, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3103, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3104, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3105, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3106, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3107, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3108, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3109, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3110, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3111, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3112, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3113, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3114, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3113)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3115, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3116, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3117, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3116)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3118, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3119, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3120, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3121, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3122, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3123, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3124, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3125, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3126, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3127, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3128, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3127)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3129, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3130, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3131, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3132, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3133, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3134, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3135, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3134)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3136, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3137, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3138, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3139, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3140, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3141, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3142, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3143, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3144, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3145, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3146, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3147, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3148, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3149, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3150, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3151, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3152, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3153, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3154, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3155, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3156, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3157, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3158, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3159, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3158)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3160, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3161, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3162, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3161)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3163, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3164, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3165, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3166, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3167, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3168, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3169, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3170, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3171, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3172, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3173, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3172)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3174, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3175, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3176, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3177, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3178, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3179, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3180, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3179)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3181, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3182, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3183, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3184, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3185, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3186, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3187, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3188, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3189, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3190, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3191, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3192, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3193, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3194, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3195, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3196, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3197, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3198, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3199, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3200, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3201, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3202, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3203, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3204, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3203)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3205, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3206, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3207, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3206)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3208, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3209, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3210, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3211, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3212, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3213, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3214, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3215, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3216, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3217, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3218, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3217)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3219, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3220, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3221, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3222, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3223, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3224, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3225, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3224)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3226, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3227, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3228, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3229, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3230, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3231, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3232, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3233, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3234, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3235, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3236, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3237, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3238, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3239, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3240, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3241, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3242, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3243, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3244, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3245, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3246, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3247, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3248, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3249, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3248)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3250, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3251, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3252, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3251)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3253, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3254, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3255, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3256, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3257, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3258, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3259, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3260, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3261, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3262, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3263, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3262)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3264, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3265, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3266, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3267, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3268, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3269, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3270, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3269)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3271, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3272, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3273, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3274, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3275, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3276, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3277, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3278, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3279, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3280, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3281, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3282, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3283, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3284, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3285, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3286, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3287, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3288, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3289, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3290, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3291, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3292, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3293, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3294, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3293)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3295, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3296, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3297, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3296)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3298, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3299, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3300, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3301, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3302, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3303, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3304, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3305, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3306, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3307, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3308, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3307)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3309, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3310, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3311, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3312, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3313, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3314, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3315, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3314)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3316, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3317, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3318, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3319, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3320, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3321, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3322, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3323, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3324, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3325, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3326, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3327, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3328, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3329, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3330, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3331, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3332, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3333, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3334, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3335, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3336, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3337, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3338, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3339, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3338)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3340, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3341, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3342, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3341)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3343, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3344, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3345, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3346, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3347, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3346)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3348, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3349, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3350, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3351, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3352, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3353, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3352)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3354, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3355, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3356, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3357, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3358, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3359, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3360, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3359)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3361, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3362, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3363, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3364, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3365, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3366, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3367, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3368, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3369, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3370, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3371, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3372, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3373, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3374, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3375, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3376, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3377, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3378, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3379, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3380, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3381, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3382, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3383, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3382)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3384, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3383)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3385, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3386, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3387, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3386)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3388, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3389, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3390, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3391, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3392, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3393, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3394, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3395, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3396, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3397, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3398, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3397)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3399, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3400, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3401, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3402, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3403, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3404, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3405, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3404)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3406, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3407, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3408, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3409, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3410, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3411, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3412, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3413, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3414, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3415, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3416, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3417, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3418, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3419, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3418)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3420, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3421, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3422, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3423, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3424, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3425, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3426, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3427, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3428, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3429, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3428)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3430, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3431, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3432, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3431)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3433, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3434, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3435, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3434)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3436, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3437, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3438, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3439, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3440, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3441, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3442, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3443, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3442)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3444, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3445, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3446, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3447, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3448, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3449, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3450, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3449)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3451, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3452, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3453, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3454, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3455, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3456, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3457, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3458, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3459, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3460, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3461, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3462, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3463, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3464, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3465, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3466, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3467, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3468, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3469, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3470, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3471, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3472, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3473, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3474, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3473)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3475, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3476, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3477, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3476)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3478, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3479, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3480, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3481, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3482, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3483, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3484, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3485, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3486, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3487, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3488, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3487)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3489, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3490, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3491, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3492, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3493, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3494, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3495, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3494)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3496, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3497, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3498, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3499, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3500, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3501, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3502, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3503, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3504, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3505, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3506, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3507, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3506)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3508, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3509, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3508)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3510, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3511, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3512, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3511)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3513, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3514, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3515, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3514)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3516, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3517, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3518, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3517)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3519, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3518)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3520, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3521, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3522, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3521)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3523, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3522)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3524, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3525, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3526, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3527, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3526)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3528, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3529, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3530, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3531, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3532, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3533, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3532)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3534, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3535, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3536, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3537, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3538, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3539, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3538)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3540, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3539)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3541, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3542, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3543, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3542)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3544, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3545, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3544)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3546, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3547, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3548, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3549, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3550, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3551, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3552, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3553, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3554, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3553)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3555, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3556, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3557, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3558, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3559, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3560, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3561, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3562, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3563, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3562)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3564, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3563)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3565, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3566, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3567, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3566)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3568, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3569, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3570, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3571, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3572, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3573, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3574, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3575, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3574)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3576, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3577, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3578, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3577)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3579, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3580, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3581, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3582, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3583, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3584, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3585, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3584)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3586, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3587, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3586)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3588, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3589, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3590, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3591, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3592, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3593, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3594, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3595, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3594)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3596, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3597, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3598, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3599, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3598)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3600, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3601, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3602, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3603, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3604, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3605, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3606, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3607, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3608, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3607)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3609, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3608)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3610, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3611, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3610)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3612, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3611)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3613, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3614, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3615, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3614)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3616, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3617, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3618, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3619, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3618)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3620, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3621, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3622, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3621)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3623, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3622)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3624, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3625, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3626, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3627, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3628, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3629, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3630, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3629)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3631, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3632, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3633, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3632)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3634, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3635, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3634)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3636, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3637, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3638, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3639, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3638)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3640, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3641, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3642, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3643, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3642)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3644, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3643)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3645, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3646, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3647, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3646)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3648, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3649, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3650, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3651, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3652, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3653, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3652)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3654, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3653)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3655, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3654)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3656, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3657, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3656)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3658, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3659, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3660, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3661, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3662, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3663, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3664, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3665, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3666, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3667, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3666)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3668, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3667)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3669, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3670, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3671, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3670)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3672, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3673, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3674, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3675, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3674)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3676, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3677, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3676)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3678, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3679, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3680, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3681, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3682, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3683, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3684, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3685, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3686, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3687, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3686)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3688, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3687)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3689, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3688)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3690, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3691, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3692, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3693, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3694, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3695, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3694)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3696, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3697, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3698, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3697)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3699, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3698)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3700, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3701, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3702, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3701)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3703, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3702)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3704, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3705, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3706, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3707, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3706)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3708, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3709, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3710, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3709)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3711, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3712, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3713, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3712)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3714, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3715, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3716, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3717, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3718, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3719, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3718)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3720, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3719)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3721, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3722, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3723, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3722)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3724, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3725, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3726, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3727, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3728, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3729, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3730, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3731, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3732, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3731)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3733, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3734, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3733)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3735, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3736, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3737, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3738, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3739, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3740, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3741, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3742, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3743, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3742)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3744, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3743)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3745, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3746, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3747, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3746)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3748, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3749, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3750, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3751, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3752, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3753, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3754, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3753)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3755, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3754)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3756, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3757, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3758, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3757)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3759, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3760, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3761, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3760)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3762, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3763, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3764, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3763)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3765, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3764)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3766, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3765)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3767, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3766)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3768, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3767)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3769, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3768)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3770, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3769)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3771, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3770)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3772, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3771)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3773, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3772)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3774, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3773)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3775, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3774)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3776, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3775)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3777, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3776)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3778, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3777)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3779, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3778)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3780, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3779)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3781, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3780)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3782, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3781)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3783, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3782)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3784, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3783)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3785, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3784)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3786, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3785)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3787, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3786)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3788, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3787)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3789, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3788)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3790, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3789)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3791, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3790)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3792, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3791)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3793, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3792)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3794, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3793)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3795, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3794)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3796, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3795)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3797, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3796)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3798, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3797)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3799, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3798)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3800, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3799)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3801, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3800)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3802, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3801)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3803, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3802)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3804, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3803)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3805, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3804)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3806, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3805)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3807, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3806)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3808, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3807)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3809, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3808)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3810, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3809)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3811, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3810)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3812, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3811)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3813, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3812)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3814, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3813)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3815, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3814)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3816, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3815)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3817, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3816)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3818, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3817)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3819, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3818)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3820, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3819)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3821, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3820)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3822, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3821)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3823, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3822)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3824, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3823)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3825, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3824)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3826, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3825)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3827, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3826)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3828, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3827)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3829, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3828)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3830, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3829)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3831, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3830)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3832, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3831)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3833, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3832)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3834, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3833)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3835, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3834)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3836, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3835)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3837, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3836)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3838, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3837)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3839, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3838)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3840, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3839)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3841, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3840)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3842, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3841)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3843, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3842)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3844, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3843)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3845, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3844)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3846, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3845)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3847, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3846)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3848, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3847)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3849, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3848)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3850, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3849)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3851, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3850)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3852, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3851)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3853, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3852)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3854, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3853)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3855, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3854)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3856, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3855)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3857, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3856)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3858, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3857)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3859, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3858)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3860, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3859)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3861, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3860)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3862, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3861)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3863, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3862)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3864, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3863)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3865, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3864)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3866, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3865)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3867, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3866)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3868, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3867)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3869, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3868)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3870, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3869)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3871, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3870)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3872, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3871)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3873, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3872)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3874, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3873)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3875, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3874)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3876, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3875)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3877, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3876)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3878, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3877)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3879, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3878)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3880, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3879)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3881, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3880)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3882, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3881)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3883, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3882)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3884, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3883)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3885, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3884)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3886, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3885)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3887, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3886)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3888, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3887)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3889, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3888)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3890, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3889)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3891, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3890)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3892, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3891)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3893, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3892)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3894, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3893)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3895, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3894)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3896, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3895)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3897, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3896)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3898, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3897)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3899, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3898)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3900, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3899)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3901, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3900)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3902, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3901)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3903, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3902)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3904, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3903)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3905, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3904)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3906, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3905)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3907, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3906)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3908, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3907)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3909, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3908)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3910, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3909)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3911, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3910)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3912, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3911)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3913, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3912)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3914, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3913)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3915, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3914)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3916, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3915)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3917, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3916)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3918, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3917)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3919, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3918)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3920, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3919)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3921, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3920)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3922, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3921)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3923, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3922)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3924, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3923)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3925, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3924)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3926, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3925)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3927, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3926)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3928, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3927)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3929, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3928)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3930, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3929)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3931, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3930)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3932, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3931)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3933, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3932)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3934, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3933)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3935, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3934)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3936, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3935)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3937, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3936)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3938, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3937)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3939, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3938)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3940, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3939)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3941, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3940)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3942, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3941)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3943, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3942)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3944, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3943)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3945, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3944)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3946, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3945)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3947, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3946)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3948, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3947)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3949, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3948)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3950, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3949)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3951, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3950)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3952, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3951)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3953, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3952)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3954, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3953)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3955, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3954)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(3956, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 3955)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(3957, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 3956)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3958, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 3957)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(3959, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 3958)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(3960, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 3959)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(3961, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3960)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3962, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 3961)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(3963, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 3962)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3964, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 3963)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(3965, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 3964)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(3966, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 3965)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(3967, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 3966)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3968, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 3967)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(3969, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 3968)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(3970, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 3969)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3971, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 3970)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(3972, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 3971)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(3973, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 3972)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(3974, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 3973)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(3975, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 3974)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(3976, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 3975)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(3977, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 3976)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(3978, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 3977)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3979, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 3978)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3980, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 3979)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(3981, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 3980)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(3982, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 3981)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3983, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 3982)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(3984, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 3983)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(3985, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 3984)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(3986, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 3985)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3987, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3986)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(3988, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 3987)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(3989, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 3988)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(3990, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 3989)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(3991, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 3990)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(3992, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 3991)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(3993, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 3992)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(3994, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 3993)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3995, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 3994)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3996, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 3995)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(3997, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 3996)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(3998, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 3997)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(3999, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 3998)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4000, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 3999)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4001, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4000)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4002, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4001)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4003, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4002)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4004, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4003)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4005, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4004)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4006, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4005)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4007, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4006)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4008, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4007)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4009, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4008)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4010, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4009)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4011, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4010)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4012, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4011)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4013, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4012)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4014, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4013)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4015, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4014)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4016, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4015)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4017, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4016)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4018, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4017)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4019, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4018)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4020, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4019)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4021, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4020)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4022, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4021)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4023, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4022)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4024, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4023)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4025, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4024)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4026, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4025)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4027, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4026)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4028, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4027)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4029, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4028)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4030, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4029)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4031, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4030)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4032, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4031)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4033, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4032)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4034, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4033)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4035, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4034)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4036, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4035)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4037, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4036)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4038, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4037)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4039, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4038)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4040, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4039)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4041, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4040)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4042, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4041)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4043, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4042)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4044, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4043)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4045, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4044)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4046, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4045)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4047, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4046)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4048, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4047)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4049, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4048)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4050, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4049)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4051, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4050)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4052, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4051)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4053, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4052)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4054, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4053)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4055, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4054)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4056, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4055)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4057, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4056)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4058, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4057)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4059, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4058)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4060, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4059)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4061, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4060)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4062, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4061)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4063, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4062)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4064, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4063)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4065, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4064)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4066, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4065)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4067, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4066)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4068, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4067)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4069, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4068)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4070, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4069)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4071, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4070)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4072, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4071)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4073, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4072)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4074, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4073)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4075, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4074)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4076, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4075)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4077, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4076)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4078, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4077)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4079, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4078)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4080, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4079)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4081, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4080)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4082, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4081)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4083, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4082)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4084, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4083)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4085, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4084)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4086, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4085)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4087, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4086)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4088, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4087)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4089, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4088)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4090, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4089)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4091, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4090)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4092, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4091)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4093, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4092)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4094, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4093)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4095, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4094)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4096, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4095)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4097, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4096)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4098, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4097)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4099, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4098)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4100, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4099)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4101, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4102, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4103, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4104, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4103)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4105, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4106, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4107, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4106)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4108, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4109, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4110, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4111, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4112, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4113, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4114, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4115, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4116, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4117, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4118, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4117)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4119, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4120, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4121, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4122, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4123, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4124, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4125, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4124)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4126, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4127, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4128, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4129, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4130, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4131, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4132, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4133, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4134, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4135, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4136, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4137, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4138, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4139, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4140, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4141, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4142, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4143, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4144, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4145, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4146, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4147, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4148, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4149, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4148)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4150, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4151, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4152, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4151)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4153, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4154, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4155, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4156, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4157, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4158, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4159, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4160, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4161, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4162, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4163, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4162)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4164, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4165, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4166, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4167, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4168, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4169, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4170, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4169)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4171, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4172, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4173, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4174, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4175, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4176, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4177, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4178, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4179, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4180, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4181, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4182, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4183, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4184, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4185, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4186, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4187, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4188, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4189, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4190, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4191, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4192, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4193, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4194, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4193)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4195, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4196, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4197, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4196)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4198, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4199, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4200, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4201, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4202, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4203, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4204, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4205, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4206, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4207, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4208, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4207)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4209, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4210, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4211, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4212, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4213, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4214, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4215, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4214)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4216, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4217, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4218, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4219, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4220, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4221, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4222, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4223, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4224, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4225, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4226, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4227, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4228, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4229, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4230, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4231, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4232, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4233, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4234, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4235, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4236, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4237, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4238, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4239, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4238)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4240, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4241, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4242, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4241)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4243, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4244, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4245, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4246, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4247, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4248, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4249, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4250, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4251, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4252, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4253, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4252)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4254, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4255, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4256, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4257, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4258, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4259, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4260, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4259)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4261, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4262, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4263, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4264, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4265, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4266, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4267, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4268, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4269, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4270, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4271, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4272, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4273, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4274, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4275, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4276, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4277, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4278, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4279, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4280, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4281, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4282, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4283, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4284, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4283)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4285, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4286, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4287, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4286)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4288, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4289, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4290, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4291, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4292, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4293, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4294, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4295, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4296, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4297, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4298, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4297)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4299, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4300, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4301, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4302, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4303, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4304, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4305, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4304)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4306, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4307, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4308, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4309, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4310, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4311, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4312, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4313, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4314, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4315, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4316, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4317, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4318, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4319, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4320, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4321, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4322, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4323, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4324, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4325, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4326, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4327, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4328, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4329, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4328)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4330, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4331, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4332, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4331)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4333, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4334, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4335, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4336, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4337, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4338, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4339, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4340, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4341, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4342, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4343, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4342)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4344, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4345, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4346, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4347, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4346)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4348, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4349, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4350, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4349)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4351, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4352, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4353, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4354, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4355, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4356, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4357, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4358, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4359, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4360, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4361, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4362, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4363, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4364, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4365, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4366, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4367, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4368, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4369, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4370, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4371, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4372, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4373, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4374, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4373)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4375, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4376, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4377, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4376)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4378, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4379, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4380, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4381, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4382, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4383, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4382)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4384, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4385, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4386, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4387, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4388, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4387)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4389, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4390, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4391, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4392, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4393, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4394, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4395, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4394)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4396, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4397, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4398, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4399, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4400, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4401, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4402, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4403, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4404, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4405, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4406, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4407, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4408, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4409, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4410, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4411, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4412, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4413, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4414, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4415, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4416, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4417, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4418, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4419, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4418)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4420, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4421, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4422, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4421)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4423, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4424, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4425, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4426, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4427, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4428, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4429, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4430, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4431, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4432, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4433, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4432)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4434, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4435, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4434)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4436, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4437, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4438, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4439, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4440, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4439)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4441, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4442, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4443, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4444, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4445, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4446, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4447, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4448, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4449, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4450, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4451, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4452, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4453, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4454, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4455, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4456, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4457, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4458, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4459, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4460, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4461, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4462, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4463, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4464, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4463)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4465, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4466, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4467, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4466)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4468, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4469, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4470, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4471, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4472, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4473, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4474, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4475, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4476, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4477, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4478, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4477)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4479, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4480, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4481, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4482, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4483, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4484, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4485, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4484)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4486, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4487, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4488, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4489, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4490, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4491, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4492, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4493, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4494, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4495, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4496, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4497, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4498, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4499, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4500, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4501, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4502, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4503, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4504, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4505, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4506, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4507, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4506)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4508, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4509, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4508)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4510, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4511, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4512, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4511)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4513, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4514, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4515, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4514)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4516, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4517, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4518, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4517)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4519, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4518)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4520, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4521, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4522, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4523, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4522)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4524, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4525, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4526, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4527, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4526)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4528, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4529, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4530, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4529)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4531, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4532, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4533, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4534, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4535, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4536, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4537, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4538, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4539, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4538)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4540, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4541, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4542, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4543, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4542)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4544, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4545, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4544)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4546, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4547, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4548, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4549, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4550, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4551, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4552, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4553, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4554, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4553)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4555, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4556, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4557, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4556)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4558, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4559, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4560, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4561, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4562, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4563, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4562)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4564, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4565, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4566, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4567, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4566)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4568, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4567)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4569, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4570, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4571, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4572, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4573, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4574, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4575, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4574)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4576, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4577, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4578, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4577)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4579, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4580, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4581, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4582, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4583, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4584, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4585, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4586, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4587, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4586)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4588, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4589, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4590, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4591, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4592, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4593, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4594, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4595, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4594)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4596, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4597, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4598, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4599, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4598)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4600, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4601, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4602, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4601)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4603, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4604, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4605, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4606, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4607, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4608, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4607)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4609, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4610, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4611, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4610)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4612, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4613, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4612)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4614, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4615, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4614)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4616, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4617, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4618, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4619, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4618)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4620, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4619)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4621, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4622, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4621)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4623, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4622)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4624, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4625, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4626, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4627, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4628, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4629, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4630, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4631, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4632, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4633, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4632)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4634, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4635, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4634)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4636, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4637, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4638, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4639, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4638)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4640, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4641, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4642, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4643, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4642)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4644, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4643)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4645, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4646, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4647, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4646)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4648, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4649, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4650, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4651, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4652, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4653, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4652)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4654, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4655, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4654)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4656, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4657, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4658, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4657)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4659, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4660, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4661, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4662, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4663, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4664, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4665, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4664)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4666, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4667, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4666)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4668, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4669, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4670, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4671, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4670)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4672, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4673, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4674, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4675, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4674)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4676, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4677, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4676)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4678, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4679, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4680, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4681, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4682, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4683, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4684, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4685, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4686, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4687, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4686)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4688, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4687)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4689, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4688)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4690, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4691, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4692, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4691)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4693, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4694, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4695, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4694)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4696, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4697, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4698, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4697)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4699, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4698)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4700, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4701, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4702, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4703, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4702)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4704, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4705, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth'),
(4706, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4707, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4706)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4708, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4709, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4710, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4709)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4711, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4712, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4713, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4714, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4715, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4716, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4717, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4718, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4719, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Year Of New Perspectives (Ref 4718)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4720, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies (Ref 4719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Earth'),
(4721, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Earth'),
(4722, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Messier 61 Close Up (Ref 4721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4723, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant (Ref 4722)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Earth'),
(4724, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet and Meteor (Ref 4723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Earth'),
(4725, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mangaia\'s Milky Way (Ref 4724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Earth'),
(4726, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4727, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way (Ref 4726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Earth'),
(4728, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NICER at Night (Ref 4727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4729, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Tail of Two Hemispheres (Ref 4728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Earth'),
(4730, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Earth'),
(4731, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora over New Zealand (Ref 4730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Earth'),
(4732, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Kepler Discovers How Planets Move (Ref 4731)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4733, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station (Ref 4732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4734, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction (Ref 4733)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Earth'),
(4735, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Bright Spiral Galaxy M81 (Ref 4734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4736, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge (Ref 4735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Earth'),
(4737, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4736)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Earth'),
(4738, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Magellanic Clouds over Chile (Ref 4737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Earth'),
(4739, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope (Ref 4738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Earth'),
(4740, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Earth'),
(4741, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Large Cloud of Magellan (Ref 4740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Earth'),
(4742, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora Banks Peninsula (Ref 4741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Earth'),
(4743, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Stars Without Galaxies (Ref 4742)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4744, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'To Fly Free in Space (Ref 4743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4745, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet (Ref 4744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Earth'),
(4746, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi (Ref 4745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Earth'),
(4747, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event (Ref 4746)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4748, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon (Ref 4747)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Earth'),
(4749, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Helios Helium (Ref 4748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Earth'),
(4750, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Major Fireball Meteor (Ref 4749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Earth');
INSERT INTO `EARTH` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(4751, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Spicules: Jets on the Sun (Ref 4750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4752, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Earth'),
(4753, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset (Ref 4752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Earth'),
(4754, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The Tulip and Cygnus X-1 (Ref 4753)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Earth'),
(4755, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'A Year of Sky on Earth (Ref 4754)', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Earth'),
(4756, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse (Ref 4755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Earth'),
(4757, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Aurora in Colorado Skies (Ref 4756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Earth'),
(4758, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Circling the Sun (Ref 4757)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Earth'),
(4759, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A (Ref 4758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4760, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Lunar Nearside (Ref 4759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Earth'),
(4761, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 4760)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Earth'),
(4762, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Welcome to the Moon Hotel (Ref 4761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Earth'),
(4763, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 4762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Earth');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `JUPITER`
--

INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 0)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(2, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 1)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(3, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 2)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(4, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(5, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 4)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(6, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 5)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(7, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 6)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(8, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 7)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(9, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 8)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(10, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 9)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(11, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 10)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(12, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 11)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(13, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 12)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(14, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 13)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(15, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 14)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(16, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 15)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(17, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 16)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(18, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 17)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(19, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 18)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(20, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 19)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(21, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 20)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(22, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 21)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(23, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 22)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(24, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 23)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(25, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 24)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(26, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 25)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(27, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 26)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(28, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 27)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(29, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 28)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(30, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 29)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(31, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 30)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(32, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 31)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(33, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 32)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(34, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 33)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(35, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 34)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(36, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 35)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(37, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 36)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(38, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 37)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(39, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 38)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(40, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 39)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(41, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 40)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(42, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 41)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(43, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 42)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(44, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 43)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(45, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 44)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(46, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 45)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(47, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 46)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(48, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 47)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(49, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 48)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(50, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 49)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(51, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 50)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(52, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 51)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(53, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 52)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(54, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 53)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(55, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 54)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(56, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 55)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(57, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 56)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(58, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 57)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(59, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 58)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(60, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 59)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(61, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 60)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(62, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 61)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(63, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 62)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(64, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 63)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(65, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 64)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(66, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 65)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(67, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 66)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(68, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 67)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(69, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 68)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(70, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 69)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(71, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 70)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(72, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 71)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(73, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 72)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(74, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 73)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(75, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 74)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(76, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 75)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(77, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 76)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(78, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 77)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(79, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 78)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(80, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 79)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(81, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 80)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(82, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 81)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(83, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 82)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(84, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 83)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(85, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 84)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(86, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 85)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(87, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 86)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(88, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 87)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(89, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 88)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(90, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 89)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(91, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 90)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(92, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 91)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(93, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 92)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(94, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 93)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(95, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 94)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(96, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 95)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(97, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 96)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(98, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 97)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(99, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 98)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(100, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 99)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(101, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(102, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(103, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(104, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(105, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 104)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(106, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(107, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(108, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(109, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(110, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(111, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(112, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(113, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(114, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(115, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(116, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 115)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(117, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(118, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(119, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(120, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(121, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(122, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(123, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(124, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(125, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(126, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(127, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 126)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(128, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(129, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(130, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(131, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(132, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(133, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(134, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(135, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(136, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(137, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(138, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 137)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(139, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(140, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(141, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(142, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(143, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(144, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(145, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(146, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(147, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(148, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(149, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 148)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(150, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(151, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(152, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(153, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(154, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(155, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(156, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(157, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(158, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(159, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(160, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 159)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(161, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(162, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(163, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(164, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(165, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(166, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(167, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(168, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(169, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(170, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(171, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 170)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(172, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(173, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(174, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(175, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(176, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(177, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(178, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(179, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(180, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(181, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(182, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 181)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(183, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(184, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(185, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(186, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(187, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(188, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(189, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(190, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(191, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(192, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(193, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 192)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(194, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(195, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(196, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(197, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(198, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(199, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(200, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(201, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(202, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(203, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(204, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 203)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(205, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(206, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(207, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(208, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(209, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(210, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(211, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(212, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(213, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(214, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(215, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 214)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(216, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(217, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(218, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(219, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(220, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(221, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(222, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(223, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(224, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(225, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(226, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 225)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(227, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(228, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(229, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(230, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(231, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(232, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(233, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(234, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(235, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(236, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(237, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 236)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(238, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(239, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(240, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(241, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(242, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(243, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(244, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(245, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(246, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(247, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(248, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 247)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(249, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(250, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(251, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(252, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(253, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(254, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(255, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(256, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(257, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(258, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(259, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 258)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(260, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(261, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(262, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(263, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(264, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(265, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(266, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(267, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(268, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(269, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(270, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 269)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(271, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(272, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(273, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(274, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(275, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(276, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(277, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(278, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(279, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(280, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(281, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 280)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(282, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(283, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(284, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(285, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(286, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(287, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(288, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(289, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(290, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(291, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(292, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 291)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(293, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(294, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(295, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(296, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(297, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(298, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(299, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(300, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(301, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(302, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(303, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 302)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(304, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(305, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(306, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(307, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(308, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(309, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(310, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(311, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(312, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(313, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(314, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 313)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(315, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(316, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(317, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(318, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(319, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(320, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(321, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(322, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(323, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(324, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(325, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 324)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(326, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(327, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(328, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(329, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(330, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(331, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(332, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(333, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(334, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(335, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(336, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 335)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(337, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(338, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(339, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(340, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(341, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(342, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(343, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(344, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(345, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(346, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(347, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 346)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(348, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(349, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(350, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(351, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(352, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(353, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(354, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(355, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(356, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(357, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(358, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 357)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(359, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(360, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(361, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(362, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(363, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(364, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(365, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(366, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(367, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(368, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(369, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 368)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(370, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(371, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(372, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(373, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(374, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(375, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(376, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(377, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(378, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(379, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(380, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 379)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(381, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(382, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(383, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 382)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(384, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(385, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(386, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(387, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(388, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(389, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(390, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(391, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 390)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(392, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(393, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(394, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(395, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(396, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(397, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(398, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(399, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(400, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(401, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(402, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 401)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(403, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(404, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(405, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(406, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(407, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(408, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(409, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(410, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(411, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(412, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(413, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 412)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(414, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(415, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(416, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(417, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(418, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(419, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 418)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(420, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(421, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(422, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(423, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(424, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 423)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(425, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(426, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(427, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(428, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(429, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(430, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(431, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(432, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(433, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(434, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(435, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 434)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(436, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(437, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(438, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(439, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(440, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(441, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(442, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(443, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(444, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(445, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(446, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 445)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(447, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(448, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(449, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(450, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(451, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(452, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(453, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(454, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(455, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(456, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(457, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 456)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(458, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(459, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(460, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(461, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(462, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(463, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(464, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(465, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(466, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(467, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(468, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 467)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(469, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(470, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(471, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(472, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(473, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(474, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(475, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(476, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(477, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(478, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(479, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 478)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(480, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(481, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(482, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(483, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(484, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(485, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(486, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(487, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(488, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(489, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(490, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 489)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(491, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(492, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(493, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(494, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(495, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(496, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(497, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(498, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(499, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(500, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(501, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 500)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(502, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(503, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(504, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(505, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(506, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(507, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 506)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(508, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(509, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 508)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(510, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(511, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(512, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 511)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(513, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(514, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(515, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 514)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(516, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(517, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(518, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 517)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(519, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 518)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(520, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(521, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(522, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(523, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 522)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(524, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(525, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(526, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(527, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 526)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(528, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(529, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(530, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(531, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(532, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(533, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(534, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 533)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(535, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(536, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(537, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(538, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(539, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 538)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(540, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(541, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(542, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(543, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 542)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(544, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(545, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 544)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(546, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(547, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(548, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(549, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(550, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(551, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(552, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(553, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(554, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 553)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(555, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(556, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 555)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(557, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(558, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(559, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(560, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(561, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(562, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(563, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 562)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(564, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(565, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(566, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(567, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 566)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(568, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(569, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(570, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(571, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(572, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(573, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(574, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(575, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 574)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(576, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(577, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(578, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 577)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(579, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(580, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(581, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(582, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(583, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(584, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(585, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(586, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(587, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 586)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(588, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(589, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 588)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(590, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(591, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(592, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(593, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(594, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(595, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 594)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(596, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(597, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(598, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(599, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 598)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(600, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 599)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(601, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(602, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(603, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(604, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(605, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(606, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(607, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(608, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 607)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(609, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(610, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(611, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 610)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(612, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(613, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(614, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(615, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 614)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(616, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(617, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(618, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(619, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 618)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(620, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(621, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(622, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 621)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(623, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 622)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(624, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(625, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(626, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(627, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(628, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(629, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(630, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(631, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(632, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(633, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 632)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(634, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(635, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 634)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(636, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(637, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(638, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(639, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 638)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(640, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(641, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(642, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(643, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 642)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(644, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 643)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(645, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(646, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(647, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 646)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(648, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(649, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(650, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(651, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(652, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(653, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 652)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(654, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(655, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 654)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(656, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(657, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(658, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(659, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(660, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(661, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(662, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(663, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(664, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(665, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(666, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 665)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(667, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 666)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(668, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(669, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(670, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(671, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 670)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(672, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(673, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(674, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(675, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 674)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(676, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(677, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 676)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(678, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(679, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(680, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(681, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(682, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(683, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(684, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(685, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(686, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(687, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 686)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(688, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 687)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(689, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 688)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(690, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(691, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(692, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(693, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(694, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(695, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 694)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(696, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(697, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(698, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 697)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(699, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 698)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(700, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(701, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(702, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(703, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 702)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(704, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(705, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(706, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(707, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 706)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(708, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(709, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(710, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 709)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(711, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(712, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(713, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(714, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(715, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(716, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(717, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(718, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(719, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 718)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(720, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(721, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 720)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(722, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(723, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 722)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(724, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(725, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(726, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(727, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(728, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(729, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(730, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(731, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(732, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 731)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(733, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(734, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 733)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(735, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(736, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(737, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(738, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(739, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(740, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(741, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(742, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(743, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 742)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(744, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(745, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(746, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(747, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 746)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(748, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(749, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(750, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(751, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(752, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(753, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(754, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 753)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(755, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 754)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(756, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(757, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(758, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 757)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(759, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(760, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(761, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 760)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(762, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(763, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(764, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 763)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(765, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 764)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(766, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 765)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(767, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 766)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(768, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 767)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(769, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 768)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(770, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 769)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(771, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 770)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(772, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 771)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(773, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 772)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(774, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 773)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(775, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 774)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(776, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 775)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(777, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 776)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(778, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 777)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(779, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 778)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(780, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 779)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(781, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 780)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(782, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 781)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(783, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 782)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(784, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 783)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(785, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 784)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(786, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 785)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(787, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 786)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(788, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 787)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(789, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 788)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(790, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 789)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(791, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 790)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(792, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 791)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(793, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 792)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(794, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 793)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(795, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 794)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(796, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 795)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(797, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 796)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(798, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 797)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(799, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 798)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(800, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 799)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(801, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 800)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(802, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 801)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(803, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 802)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(804, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 803)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(805, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 804)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(806, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 805)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(807, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 806)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(808, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 807)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(809, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 808)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(810, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 809)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(811, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 810)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(812, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 811)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(813, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 812)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(814, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 813)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(815, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 814)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(816, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 815)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(817, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 816)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(818, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 817)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(819, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 818)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(820, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 819)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(821, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 820)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(822, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 821)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(823, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 822)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(824, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 823)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(825, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 824)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(826, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 825)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(827, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 826)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(828, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 827)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(829, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 828)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(830, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 829)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(831, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 830)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(832, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 831)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(833, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 832)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(834, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 833)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(835, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 834)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(836, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 835)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(837, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 836)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(838, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 837)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(839, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 838)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(840, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 839)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(841, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 840)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(842, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 841)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(843, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 842)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(844, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 843)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(845, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 844)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(846, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 845)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(847, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 846)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(848, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 847)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(849, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 848)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(850, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 849)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(851, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 850)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(852, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 851)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter'),
(853, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 852)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Jupiter'),
(854, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno (Ref 853)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(855, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io Full Face\r\nCredit: (Ref 854)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(856, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eruption on Io (Ref 855)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(857, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 856)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(858, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow (Ref 857)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Jupiter'),
(859, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 858)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Jupiter'),
(860, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 859)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Jupiter'),
(861, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Io in True Color (Ref 860)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Jupiter');
INSERT INTO `JUPITER` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(862, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 861)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Jupiter'),
(863, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 862)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Jupiter');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `MARS`
--

INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 0)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(2, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 1)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(3, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 2)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(4, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(5, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 4)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(6, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 5)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(7, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 6)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(8, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 7)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(9, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 8)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(10, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 9)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(11, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 10)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(12, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 11)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(13, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 12)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(14, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 13)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(15, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 14)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(16, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 15)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(17, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 16)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(18, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 17)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(19, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 18)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(20, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 19)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(21, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 20)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(22, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 21)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(23, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 22)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(24, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 23)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(25, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 24)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(26, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 25)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(27, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 26)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(28, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 27)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(29, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 28)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(30, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 29)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(31, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 30)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(32, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 31)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(33, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 32)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(34, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 33)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(35, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 34)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(36, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 35)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(37, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 36)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(38, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 37)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(39, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 38)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(40, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 39)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(41, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 40)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(42, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 41)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(43, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 42)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(44, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 43)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(45, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 44)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(46, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 45)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(47, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 46)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(48, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 47)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(49, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 48)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(50, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 49)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(51, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 50)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(52, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 51)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(53, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 52)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(54, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 53)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(55, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 54)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(56, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 55)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(57, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 56)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(58, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 57)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(59, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 58)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(60, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 59)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(61, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 60)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(62, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 61)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(63, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 62)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(64, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 63)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(65, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 64)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(66, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 65)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(67, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 66)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(68, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 67)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(69, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 68)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(70, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 69)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(71, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 70)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(72, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 71)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(73, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 72)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(74, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 73)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(75, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 74)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(76, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 75)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(77, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 76)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(78, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 77)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(79, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 78)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(80, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 79)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(81, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 80)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(82, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 81)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(83, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 82)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(84, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 83)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(85, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 84)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(86, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 85)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(87, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 86)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(88, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 87)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(89, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 88)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(90, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 89)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(91, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 90)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(92, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 91)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(93, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 92)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(94, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 93)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(95, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 94)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(96, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 95)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(97, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 96)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(98, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 97)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(99, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 98)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(100, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 99)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(101, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(102, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(103, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(104, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 103)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(105, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(106, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(107, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(108, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(109, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(110, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(111, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(112, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(113, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 112)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(114, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(115, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(116, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(117, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(118, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(119, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(120, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(121, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(122, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 121)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(123, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(124, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(125, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(126, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(127, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(128, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(129, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(130, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(131, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 130)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(132, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(133, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(134, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(135, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(136, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(137, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(138, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(139, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(140, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 139)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(141, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(142, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(143, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(144, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(145, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(146, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(147, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(148, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(149, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 148)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(150, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(151, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(152, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(153, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(154, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(155, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(156, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(157, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(158, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 157)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(159, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(160, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(161, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(162, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(163, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(164, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(165, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(166, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(167, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 166)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(168, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(169, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(170, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(171, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(172, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(173, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(174, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(175, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(176, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 175)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(177, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(178, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(179, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(180, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(181, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(182, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(183, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(184, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(185, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 184)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(186, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(187, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(188, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(189, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(190, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(191, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(192, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(193, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(194, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 193)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(195, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(196, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(197, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(198, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(199, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(200, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(201, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(202, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(203, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 202)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(204, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(205, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(206, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(207, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(208, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(209, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(210, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(211, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(212, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 211)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(213, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(214, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(215, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(216, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(217, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(218, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(219, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(220, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(221, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 220)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(222, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(223, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(224, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(225, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(226, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(227, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(228, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(229, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(230, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 229)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(231, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(232, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(233, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(234, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(235, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(236, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(237, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(238, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(239, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 238)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(240, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(241, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(242, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(243, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(244, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(245, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(246, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(247, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(248, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 247)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(249, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(250, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(251, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(252, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(253, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(254, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(255, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(256, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(257, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 256)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(258, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(259, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(260, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(261, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(262, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(263, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(264, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(265, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(266, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 265)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(267, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(268, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(269, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(270, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(271, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(272, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(273, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(274, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(275, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 274)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(276, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(277, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(278, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(279, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(280, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(281, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(282, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(283, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(284, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 283)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(285, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(286, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(287, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(288, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(289, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(290, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(291, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(292, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(293, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 292)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(294, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(295, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(296, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(297, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(298, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(299, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(300, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(301, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(302, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 301)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(303, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(304, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(305, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(306, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(307, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(308, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(309, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(310, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(311, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 310)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(312, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(313, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(314, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(315, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(316, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(317, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(318, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(319, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(320, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 319)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(321, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(322, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(323, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(324, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(325, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(326, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(327, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(328, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(329, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 328)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(330, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(331, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(332, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(333, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(334, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(335, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(336, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(337, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(338, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 337)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(339, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(340, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(341, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(342, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(343, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(344, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(345, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(346, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(347, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 346)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(348, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(349, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(350, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(351, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(352, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(353, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(354, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(355, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(356, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 355)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(357, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(358, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(359, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(360, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(361, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(362, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(363, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(364, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(365, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 364)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(366, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(367, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(368, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(369, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(370, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(371, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(372, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(373, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(374, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 373)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(375, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(376, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(377, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(378, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(379, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(380, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(381, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(382, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(383, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 382)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(384, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(385, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(386, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(387, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(388, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(389, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(390, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(391, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(392, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 391)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(393, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(394, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(395, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(396, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(397, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(398, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(399, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(400, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(401, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 400)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(402, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(403, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(404, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(405, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(406, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(407, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(408, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(409, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(410, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 409)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(411, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(412, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(413, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(414, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(415, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(416, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(417, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(418, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(419, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 418)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(420, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(421, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(422, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(423, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(424, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(425, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(426, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(427, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(428, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 427)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(429, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(430, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(431, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(432, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(433, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(434, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(435, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 434)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(436, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(437, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 436)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(438, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(439, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(440, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(441, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(442, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(443, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(444, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(445, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(446, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 445)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(447, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(448, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(449, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(450, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(451, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(452, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(453, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(454, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(455, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 454)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(456, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(457, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(458, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(459, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(460, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(461, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(462, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(463, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(464, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 463)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(465, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(466, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(467, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(468, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(469, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(470, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(471, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(472, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(473, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 472)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(474, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(475, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(476, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(477, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(478, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(479, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(480, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(481, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(482, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 481)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(483, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(484, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(485, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(486, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(487, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(488, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(489, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(490, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(491, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 490)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(492, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(493, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(494, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(495, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(496, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(497, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(498, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(499, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(500, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 499)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(501, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(502, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(503, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(504, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(505, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(506, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(507, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 506)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(508, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(509, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 508)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(510, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(511, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 510)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(512, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 511)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(513, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(514, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(515, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 514)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(516, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(517, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(518, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 517)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(519, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 518)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(520, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(521, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(522, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(523, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 522)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(524, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(525, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(526, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(527, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 526)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(528, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(529, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(530, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(531, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 530)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(532, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(533, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(534, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(535, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 534)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(536, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 535)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(537, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(538, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(539, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 538)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(540, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(541, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(542, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(543, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 542)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(544, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(545, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 544)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(546, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(547, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 546)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(548, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(549, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(550, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(551, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 550)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(552, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(553, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(554, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 553)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(555, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 554)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(556, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(557, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(558, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(559, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 558)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(560, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(561, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(562, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(563, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 562)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(564, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(565, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(566, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(567, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 566)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(568, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(569, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(570, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(571, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 570)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(572, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 571)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(573, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(574, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(575, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 574)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(576, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(577, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(578, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 577)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(579, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 578)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(580, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(581, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 580)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(582, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(583, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 582)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(584, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(585, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(586, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(587, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 586)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(588, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(589, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(590, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 589)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(591, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 590)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(592, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(593, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(594, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(595, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 594)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(596, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(597, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(598, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(599, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 598)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(600, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(601, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(602, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(603, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 602)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(604, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(605, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(606, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(607, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 606)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(608, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 607)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(609, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(610, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(611, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 610)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(612, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(613, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(614, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(615, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 614)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(616, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(617, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 616)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(618, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(619, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 618)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(620, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(621, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(622, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 621)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(623, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 622)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(624, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(625, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(626, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 625)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(627, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 626)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(628, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(629, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(630, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(631, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 630)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(632, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(633, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 632)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(634, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(635, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 634)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(636, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(637, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(638, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(639, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 638)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(640, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(641, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(642, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(643, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 642)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(644, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 643)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(645, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(646, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(647, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 646)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(648, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(649, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(650, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(651, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 650)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(652, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(653, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 652)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(654, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(655, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 654)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(656, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(657, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(658, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(659, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 658)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(660, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(661, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(662, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 661)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(663, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 662)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(664, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(665, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(666, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(667, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 666)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(668, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(669, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(670, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(671, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 670)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(672, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(673, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(674, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(675, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 674)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(676, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(677, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 676)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(678, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(679, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 678)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(680, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 679)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(681, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(682, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(683, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 682)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(684, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(685, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(686, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(687, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 686)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(688, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 687)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(689, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 688)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(690, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(691, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 690)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(692, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(693, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(694, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(695, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 694)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(696, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(697, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(698, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 697)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(699, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 698)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(700, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(701, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(702, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(703, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 702)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(704, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(705, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(706, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(707, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 706)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(708, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(709, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(710, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 709)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(711, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 710)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(712, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(713, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(714, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(715, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 714)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(716, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 715)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(717, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(718, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(719, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 718)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(720, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(721, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(722, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(723, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 722)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(724, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(725, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 724)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(726, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(727, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 726)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(728, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(729, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(730, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(731, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 730)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(732, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 731)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(733, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(734, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 733)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(735, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 734)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(736, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(737, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(738, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(739, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 738)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(740, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(741, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(742, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(743, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 742)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(744, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(745, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(746, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(747, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 746)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(748, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(749, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(750, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(751, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 750)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(752, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 751)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(753, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(754, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 753)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(755, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 754)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(756, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(757, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(758, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 757)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(759, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 758)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(760, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 759)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(761, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 760)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(762, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 761)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(763, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 762)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(764, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 763)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(765, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 764)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(766, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 765)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(767, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 766)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(768, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 767)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(769, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 768)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(770, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 769)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(771, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 770)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(772, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 771)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(773, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 772)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(774, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 773)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(775, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 774)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(776, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 775)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(777, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 776)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(778, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 777)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(779, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 778)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(780, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 779)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(781, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 780)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(782, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 781)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(783, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 782)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(784, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 783)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(785, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 784)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(786, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 785)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(787, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 786)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(788, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 787)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(789, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 788)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(790, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 789)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(791, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 790)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(792, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 791)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(793, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 792)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(794, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 793)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(795, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 794)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(796, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 795)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(797, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 796)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(798, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 797)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(799, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 798)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(800, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 799)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(801, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 800)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(802, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 801)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(803, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 802)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(804, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 803)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(805, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 804)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(806, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 805)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(807, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 806)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(808, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 807)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(809, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 808)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(810, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 809)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(811, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 810)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(812, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 811)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(813, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 812)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(814, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 813)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(815, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 814)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(816, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 815)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(817, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 816)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(818, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 817)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(819, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 818)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(820, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 819)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(821, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 820)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(822, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 821)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(823, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 822)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(824, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 823)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(825, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 824)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(826, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 825)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(827, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 826)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(828, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 827)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(829, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 828)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(830, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 829)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(831, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 830)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(832, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 831)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(833, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 832)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(834, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 833)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(835, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 834)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(836, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 835)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(837, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 836)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(838, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 837)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(839, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 838)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(840, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 839)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(841, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 840)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(842, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 841)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(843, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 842)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(844, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 843)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(845, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 844)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(846, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 845)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(847, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 846)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(848, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 847)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(849, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 848)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(850, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 849)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(851, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 850)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(852, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 851)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(853, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 852)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(854, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 853)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(855, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 854)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(856, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 855)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(857, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 856)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(858, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 857)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(859, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 858)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(860, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 859)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(861, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 860)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(862, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 861)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(863, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 862)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(864, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 863)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(865, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 864)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(866, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 865)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(867, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 866)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(868, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 867)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(869, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 868)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(870, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 869)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(871, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 870)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(872, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 871)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(873, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 872)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(874, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 873)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(875, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 874)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(876, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 875)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(877, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 876)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(878, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 877)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(879, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 878)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(880, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 879)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(881, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 880)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(882, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 881)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(883, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 882)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(884, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 883)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(885, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 884)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(886, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 885)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(887, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 886)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(888, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 887)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(889, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 888)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(890, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 889)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(891, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 890)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(892, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 891)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(893, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 892)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(894, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 893)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(895, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 894)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(896, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 895)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(897, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 896)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(898, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 897)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars');
INSERT INTO `MARS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(899, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 898)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(900, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 899)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(901, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 900)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(902, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 901)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(903, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 902)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(904, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Asteroid Vesta Full Frame (Ref 903)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(905, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon (Ref 904)', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Mars'),
(906, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera (Ref 905)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(907, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Our Busy Solar System (Ref 906)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Mars'),
(908, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Martian Analemma (Ref 907)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Mars'),
(909, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water Ice in a Martian Crater (Ref 908)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Mars'),
(910, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars (Ref 909)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(911, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap (Ref 910)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Mars'),
(912, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout (Ref 911)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Mars');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `MERCURY`
--

INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 0)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(2, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 1)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(3, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 2)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(4, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(5, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 4)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(6, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 5)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(7, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 6)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(8, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 7)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(9, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 8)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(10, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 9)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(11, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 10)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(12, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 11)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(13, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 12)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(14, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 13)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(15, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 14)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(16, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 15)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(17, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 16)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(18, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 17)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(19, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 18)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(20, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 19)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(21, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 20)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(22, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 21)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(23, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 22)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(24, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 23)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(25, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 24)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(26, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 25)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(27, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 26)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(28, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 27)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(29, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 28)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(30, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 29)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(31, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 30)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(32, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 31)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(33, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 32)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(34, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 33)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(35, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 34)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(36, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 35)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(37, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 36)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(38, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 37)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(39, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 38)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(40, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 39)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(41, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 40)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(42, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 41)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(43, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 42)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(44, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 43)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(45, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 44)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(46, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 45)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(47, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 46)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(48, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 47)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(49, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 48)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(50, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 49)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');
INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(51, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 50)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(52, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 51)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(53, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 52)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(54, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 53)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(55, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 54)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(56, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 55)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(57, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 56)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(58, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 57)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(59, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 58)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(60, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 59)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(61, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 60)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(62, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 61)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(63, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 62)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(64, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 63)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(65, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 64)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(66, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 65)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(67, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 66)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(68, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 67)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(69, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 68)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(70, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 69)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(71, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 70)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(72, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 71)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(73, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 72)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(74, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 73)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(75, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 74)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(76, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 75)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(77, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 76)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(78, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 77)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(79, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 78)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(80, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 79)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(81, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 80)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(82, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 81)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(83, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 82)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(84, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 83)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(85, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 84)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(86, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 85)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(87, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 86)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(88, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 87)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(89, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 88)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(90, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 89)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(91, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 90)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(92, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 91)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(93, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 92)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(94, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 93)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(95, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 94)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(96, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 95)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(97, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 96)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(98, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 97)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(99, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 98)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(100, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 99)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');
INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(101, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(102, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(103, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(104, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(105, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(106, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(107, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(108, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(109, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(110, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(111, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(112, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(113, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(114, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(115, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(116, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(117, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(118, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(119, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(120, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(121, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(122, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(123, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(124, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(125, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(126, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(127, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(128, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(129, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(130, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(131, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(132, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(133, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(134, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(135, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(136, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(137, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(138, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(139, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(140, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(141, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(142, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(143, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(144, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(145, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(146, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(147, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(148, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(149, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(150, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');
INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(151, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(152, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(153, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(154, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(155, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(156, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(157, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(158, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(159, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(160, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(161, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(162, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(163, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(164, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(165, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(166, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(167, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(168, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(169, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(170, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(171, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(172, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(173, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(174, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(175, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(176, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(177, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(178, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(179, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(180, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(181, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(182, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(183, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(184, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(185, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(186, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(187, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(188, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(189, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(190, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(191, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(192, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(193, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(194, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(195, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(196, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(197, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(198, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(199, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(200, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');
INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(201, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(202, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(203, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(204, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(205, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(206, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(207, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(208, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(209, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(210, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(211, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(212, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(213, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(214, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(215, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(216, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(217, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(218, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(219, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(220, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(221, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(222, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(223, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(224, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(225, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(226, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(227, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(228, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(229, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(230, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(231, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(232, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(233, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(234, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(235, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(236, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(237, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(238, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(239, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(240, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(241, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(242, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(243, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(244, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(245, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(246, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(247, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(248, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(249, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(250, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');
INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(251, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(252, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(253, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(254, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(255, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(256, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(257, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(258, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(259, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(260, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(261, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(262, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(263, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(264, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(265, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(266, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(267, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(268, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(269, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(270, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(271, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(272, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(273, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(274, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(275, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(276, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(277, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(278, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(279, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(280, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(281, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(282, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(283, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(284, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(285, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(286, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(287, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(288, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(289, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(290, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(291, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(292, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(293, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(294, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(295, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(296, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(297, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(298, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(299, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(300, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');
INSERT INTO `MERCURY` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(301, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(302, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(303, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(304, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(305, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(306, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury'),
(307, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Comet ATLAS over Brasília (Ref 306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Mercury');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `NEPTUNE`
--

INSERT INTO `NEPTUNE` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Comet ATLAS over Brasília', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(2, '1999-07-15', 'Known for his sense of humor and infectious grin, Charles P. \"Pete\" Conrad, as commander of the Apollo 12 mission, was the third person to walk on the moon. Not a tall man, Conrad stepped down onto the lunar surface in November of 1969 and gleefully commented, \"Whoopie! Man, that may have been a small one for Neil, but that\'s a long one for me.\" Born June 2nd, 1930 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Princeton University in 1953 and went on to become a Navy test pilot. Selected as a NASA astronaut in 1962, Conrad is seen here in 1965 during a suiting up activity in preparation for his first space flight - the endurance record setting Gemini 5 mission. His final space flight was to Skylab in 1973. Tragically, Conrad died from injuries in a motorcycle accident on Thursday, July 8.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9907/peteconrad_c1.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Charles P. Conrad, Jr. 1930-1999', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9907/peteconrad_c1.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(3, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Neptune'),
(4, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - NICER at Night', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(5, '1996-07-04', 'Three thousand light years away, a dying star throws off shells of glowing gas. This image from the Hubble Space Telescope reveals \"The Cat\'s Eye Nebula\" to be one of the most complex planetary nebulae known. In fact, the features seen in this image are so complex that astronomers suspect the bright central object may actually be a binary star system. The term planetary nebula, used to describe this general class of objects, is misleading. Although these objects may appear round and planet-like in small telescopes, high resolution images reveal them to be stars surrounded by cocoons of gas blown off in the late stages of stellar evolution.   APOD News: Policy on Re-Running Pictures', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/catseye_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Cat\'s Eye Nebula (Revisited)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/catseye_hst.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(6, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Tail of Two Hemispheres', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Neptune'),
(7, '2002-03-29', 'NGC 4631 is a big beautiful spiral galaxy seen edge-on only 25 million light-years away towards the small northern constellation Canes Venatici. This galaxy\'s slightly distorted wedge shape suggests to some a cosmic herring and to others the popular moniker of The Whale Galaxy. Either way, it is similar in size to our own Milky Way. In this gorgeous color image, the Whale\'s dark interstellar dust clouds, young bright blue star clusters, and purplish star forming regions are easy to spot. A companion galaxy, the small elliptical NGC 4627 appears above the Whale Galaxy. Out of view off the lower left corner of the picture lies another distorted galaxy, the hockey stick-shaped NGC 4656. The distortions and mingling trails of gas and dust detected at other wavelengths suggest that all three galaxies have had close encounters with each other in their past. The Whale Galaxy is also known to have spouted a halo of hot gas glowing in x-rays.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0203/n4631zeiders_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0203/n4631zeiders_c2.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(8, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Perseids Around the Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Neptune'),
(9, '2008-04-16', 'This sky is protected.  Yesterday marked the 50 year anniversary of the first lighting ordinance ever enacted, which restricted searchlight advertisements from sweeping the night skies above Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.  Flagstaff now enjoys the status of being the first International Dark Sky City, and maintains a lighting code that limits lights from polluting this majestic nighttime view.  The current dark skies over Flagstaff not only enable local astronomers to decode the universe but allow local sky enthusiasts to see and enjoy a tapestry contemplated previously by every human generation.  The above image, pointing just east of north, was taken two weeks ago at 3 am from Fort Valley, only 10 kilometers from central Flagstaff.  Visible in the above spectacular panorama are the San Francisco Peaks caped by a lenticular cloud.  Far in the distance, the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy arcs diagonally from the lower left to the upper right, highlighted by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Cygnus.   On the far right, the North America Nebula is visible just under the very bright star Deneb.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/flagstaffsky_usno_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Protected Night Sky Over Flagstaff', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/flagstaffsky_usno.jpg', 'Dan & Cindy Duriscoe, \nFDSC, \nLowell Obs., \nUSNO', 'Neptune'),
(10, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Aurora over New Zealand', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Neptune'),
(11, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(12, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Kepler Discovers How Planets Move', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(13, '2013-07-15', 'What\'s going on in the center of this spiral galaxy? Named the Sombrero Galaxy for its hat-like resemblance, M104 features a prominent dust lane and a bright halo of stars and globular clusters. Reasons for the Sombrero\'s hat-like appearance include an unusually large and extended central bulge of stars, and dark prominent dust lanes that appear in a disk that we see nearly edge-on. Billions of old stars cause the diffuse glow of the extended central bulge visible in the above image from the 200-inch Hale Telescope.  Close inspection of the central bulge shows many points of light that are actually globular clusters. M104\'s spectacular dust rings harbor many younger and brighter stars, and show intricate details astronomers don\'t yet fully understand.  The very center of the Sombrero glows across the electromagnetic spectrum, and is thought to house a large black hole.  Fifty million-year-old light from the Sombrero Galaxy can be seen with a small telescope towards the constellation of Virgo.   Astrophysicists: Browse 600+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1307/m104_hale200_933.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Sombrero Galaxy from Hale', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1307/m104_hale200_960.jpg', 'Caltech/Palomar Observatory/Paul Gardner, \nSalvatore Grasso, and \nRyan Hannahoe', 'Neptune'),
(14, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The 60-inch Reflector', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Neptune'),
(15, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(16, '2024-07-07', 'Why are these clouds multi-colored?  A relatively rare phenomenon in clouds known as iridescence can bring up unusual colors vividly -- or even a whole spectrum of colors simultaneously. These polar stratospheric clouds also, known as nacreous and mother-of-pearl clouds,  are formed of small water droplets of nearly uniform size. When the Sun is in the right position and, typically, hidden from direct view, these thin clouds can be seen significantly diffracting sunlight in a nearly coherent manner, with different colors being deflected by different amounts. Therefore, different colors will come to the observer from slightly different directions. Many clouds start with uniform regions that could show iridescence but quickly become too thick, too mixed, or too angularly far from the Sun to exhibit striking colors. The featured image and an accompanying video were taken late in 2019 over Ostersund, Sweden.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2407/IridescentClouds_Strand_1500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Iridescent Clouds over Sweden', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2407/IridescentClouds_Strand_960.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(17, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Io in True Color', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(18, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Neptune'),
(19, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(20, '2009-07-29', 'Was Devils Tower once an explosive volcano? Famous for its appearance in films such as Close Encounters, the origin of Devil\'s Tower in Wyoming, USA is still debated, with a leading hypothesis holding that it is a hardened lava plume that probably never reached the surface to become a volcano.  The lighter rock that once surrounded the dense volcanic neck has now eroded away, leaving the dramatic tower. High above, the central band of the Milky Way galaxy arches across the sky. Many notable sky objects are visible, including dark strands of the Pipe Nebula and the reddish Lagoon Nebula to the tower\'s right. Green grass and trees line the moonlit foreground, while clouds appear near the horizon to the tower\'s left. Unlike many other international landmarks, mountaineers are permitted to climb Devils Tower.    Note: An APOD editor will review great space images this Saturday night at Ft. Wilkins, Michigan.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0907/devilstower_pacholka_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Milky Way Over Devils Tower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0907/devilstower_pacholka.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Neptune'),
(21, '2013-12-12', 'Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka, are the bright bluish stars from east to west (lower right to upper left) along the diagonal in this gorgeous cosmic vista. Otherwise known as the Belt of Orion, these three blue supergiant stars are hotter and much more massive than the Sun. They lie about 1,500 light-years away, born of Orion\'s well-studied interstellar clouds. In fact, clouds of gas and dust adrift in this region have intriguing and some surprisingly familiar shapes, including the dark Horsehead Nebula and Flame Nebula near Alnitak at the lower right. The famous Orion Nebula itself is off the right edge of this colorful star field. The well-framed, wide-field telescopic image spans about 4 degrees on the sky.  Watch: The Geminid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1312/mb_2013-11-30_OrionsBelt.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1312/mb_2013-11-30_OrionsBelt900.jpg', 'Rogelio Bernal\nAndreo', 'Neptune'),
(22, '2000-06-09', 'This stunning image from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory is centered on the Vela pulsar -- the collapsed stellar core within the Vela supernova remnant some 800 light-years distant. The Vela pulsar is a neutron star. More massive than the Sun, it has the density of an atomic nucleus. About 12 miles in diameter it spins 10 times a second as it hurtles through the supernova debris cloud. The pulsar\'s electric and magnetic fields accelerate particles to nearly the speed of light, powering the compact x-ray emission nebula revealed in the Chandra picture. The cosmic crossbow shape is over 0.2 light-years across, composed of an arrow-like jet emanating from the polar region of the neutron star and bow-like inner and outer arcs believed to be the edges of tilted rings of x-ray emitting high energy particles. Impressively, the swept back compact nebula indicates the neutron star is moving up and to the right in this picture, exactly along the direction of the x-ray jet. The Vela pulsar (and associated supernova remnant) was created by a massive star which exploded over 10,000 years ago. Its awesome x-ray rings and jet are reminiscent of another well-known pulsar powered system, the Crab Nebula.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0006/velapulsar_cxo_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Vela Pulsar: Neutron Star-Ring-Jet', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0006/velapulsar_cxo.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(23, '1996-06-18', 'In the lower left corner, dressed in blue, is the Pleiades.  Also known as the Seven Sisters and M45, the Pleiades is one of the brightest and most easily visible open clusters on the sky. The Pleiades contains over 3000 stars, is about 400 light years away, and only 13 light years across. Surrounding the stars is a spectacular blue reflection nebula made of fine dust.  A common legend is that one of the brighter stars faded since the cluster was named. In the upper right corner, dressed in red, the California Nebula.  Named for its shape, the California Nebula is much dimmer and hence harder to see than the Pleiades. Also known as NGC 1499, this mass of red glowing hydrogen gas is about 1500 light years away.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/pleiadesCal_dd_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Seven Sisters Versus California', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/pleiadesCal_dd.gif', 'Dominique\nDierick and Dirk De la Marche', 'Neptune'),
(24, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(25, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Bright Spiral Galaxy M81', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Neptune'),
(26, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Asteroid Vesta Full Frame', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(27, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Neptune'),
(28, '2012-10-22', 'Was that the space shuttle that just went by? Garnering attention that could make even a movie star blush, thousands of people watched in awe as a quintessential icon of the space age was towed through the streets of Los Angeles. After landing at LAX airport late last month, the shuttle Endeavour was carefully loaded onto rolling trailers and maneuvered down roads and across bridges to the California Science Center, 20 kilometers away. To many, there was a majesty to the voyage that was beyond description, inspiring people to line the LA streets and wait at windows and balconies to witness and photograph this once-in-a-lifetime event.  Narrowly avoiding some buildings and trees, the retired shuttle made it safely to its new home and will soon be ready for permanent display. Although the journey took place over three days, it has been shortened in the above artistic time-lapse video to about three minutes.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Space Shuttle on the Streets of Los Angeles', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/JdqZyACCYZc?rel=0', 'Bryan Chan,\nLos Angeles Times;\n Music:  Keeper of the Wind\n(Eleni Hassabis,\nFirstcom)', 'Neptune'),
(29, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Neptune'),
(30, '2020-08-07', 'st of Antares, dark markings sprawl through crowded star fields toward the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. Cataloged in the early 20th century by astronomer E. E. Barnard, the obscuring interstellar dust clouds include B59, B72, B77 and B78, seen in against the starry background. Here, their combined shape suggests a pipe stem and bowl, and so the dark nebula\'s popular name is the Pipe Nebula. The deep and expansive view covers a full 10 by 10 degree field in the pronounceable constellation Ophiuchus. The Pipe Nebula is part of the Ophiuchus dark cloud complex located at a distance of about 450 light-years. Dense cores of gas and dust within the Pipe Nebula are collapsing to form stars.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/pipenebula_rc3.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Pipe Nebula', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/pipenebula_rc3_1024.jpg', 'Jose Mtanous', 'Neptune'),
(31, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Magellanic Clouds over Chile', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Neptune'),
(32, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Neptune'),
(33, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(34, '2002-01-03', 'The Hubble Space Telescope\'s 1995 image of pillars of dust and gas, light-years long, within the Eagle Nebula (M16) was sensational. The three prominent pillars in that close-up visible light picture also appear below center in this wide-field mosaic along with massive, bright, young stars of cluster NGC 6611 (upper right), whose winds and radiation are shaping the dusty pillars. Made in near infrared light with the European Southern Observatory\'s 8.2-meter Antu telescope, this wide-field image makes the pillars seem more transparent, as the longer wavelengths partially penetrate the obscuring dust. While the Hubble image showed the pillars\' startling surface details - over 70 opaque, finger-shaped lumps of material dubbed evaporating gaseous globules or EGGs, the near infrared view has allowed astronomers to peer inside. Comparing the two views reveals that nearly a dozen of the EGGs do indeed have stars embedded near their tips. More stars within EGGs may be detected if longer wavelength observations of the region are made. But which came first, the stars or the EGGs?', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/m16w1_eso_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - M16: Stars, Pillars, and the Eagle\'s EGGs', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/m16w1_eso.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(35, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(36, '2010-12-19', 'What\'s lighting up the Cigar Galaxy?  M82, as this irregular galaxy is also known, was stirred up by a recent pass near large spiral galaxy M81.  This doesn\'t fully explain the source of the red-glowing outwardly expanding gas, however.  Recent evidence indicates that this gas is being driven out by the combined emerging particle winds of many stars, together creating a galactic superwind..  The above photographic mosaic highlights a specific color of red light strongly emitted by ionized hydrogen gas, showing detailed filaments of this gas.  The filaments extend for over 10,000 light years. The 12-million light-year distant Cigar Galaxy is the brightest galaxy in the sky in infrared light, and can be seen in visible light with a small telescope towards the constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major).   Best Astronomy Images: APOD Editor to speak in Philadelphia on Jan 5 and New York City on Jan 7', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1012/m82_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1012/m82_hst.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(37, '2022-11-02', 'Watch for three things in this unusual eclipse video.  First, watch for a big dark circle to approach from the right to block out more and more of the Sun. This dark circle is the Moon, and the video was made primarily to capture this partial solar eclipse last week. Next, watch a large solar prominence hover and shimmer over the Sun\'s edge. A close look will show that part of it is actually falling back to the Sun. The prominence is made of hot plasma that is temporarily held aloft by the Sun\'s changing magnetic field. Finally, watch the Sun\'s edge waver. What is wavering is a dynamic carpet of hot gas tubes rising and falling through the Sun\'s chromosphere -- tubes known as spicules. The entire 4-second time-lapse video covers a time of about ten minutes, although the Sun itself is expected to last another 5 billion years.   Partial Solar Eclipse in October 2022: Notable Submissions to APOD', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Partial Eclipse of an Active Sun', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/7dh5VL5YGoA?rel=0', '', 'Neptune'),
(38, '2003-07-27', 'Our Milky Way Galaxy is not alone.  It is part of a gathering of about 50 galaxies known as the Local Group.  Members include the Great Andromeda Galaxy (M31), M32, M33, the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, Dwingeloo 1, several small irregular galaxies, and many dwarf elliptical and dwarf spheroidal galaxies.  Pictured above is the Aquarius Dwarf, a faint dwarf irregular galaxy over 3 million light years away.  An earlier APOD erroneously identified the above image as the Sagittarius Dwarf.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0307/aqudwarf_not.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Aquarius Dwarf', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0307/aqudwarf_not_big.jpg', 'A. Oksanen, \n2.6 meter Nordic Optical Telescope', 'Neptune'),
(39, '2008-06-30', 'Clouds of glowing gas mingle with dust lanes in the Trifid Nebula, a star forming region toward the constellation of Sagittarius.  In the center, the three prominent dust lanes that give the Trifid its name all come together. Mountains of opaque dust appear on the right, while other dark filaments of dust are visible threaded throughout the nebula.  A single massive star visible near the center causes much of the Trifid\'s glow.  The Trifid, also known as M20, is only about 300,000 years old, making it among the youngest emission nebulae known.  The nebula lies about 9,000 light years away and the part pictured here spans about 10 light years.  This image was created with the 0.8-meter IAC80 telescope on the Canary Islands of Spain.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0806/trifidcenter_lopez_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - In the Center of the Trifid Nebula', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0806/trifidcenter_lopez.jpg', 'Daniel Lopez\n(Observatorio del\nTeide)', 'Neptune'),
(40, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Our Busy Solar System', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Neptune'),
(41, '2010-06-04', 'Active galaxy NGC 1275 is the central, dominant member of the large and relatively nearby Perseus Cluster of Galaxies. Wild-looking at visible wavelengths, the active galaxy is also a prodigious source of x-rays and radio emission. NGC 1275 accretes matter as entire galaxies fall into it, ultimately feeding a supermassive black hole at the galaxy\'s core. This color composite image, recreated from archival Hubble Space Telescope data, highlights the resulting galactic debris and filaments of glowing gas, some up to 20,000 light-years long. The filaments persist in NGC 1275, even though the turmoil of galactic collisions should destroy them.  What keeps the filaments together? Observations indicate that the structures, pushed out from the galaxy\'s center by the black hole\'s activity, are held together by magnetic fields. Also known as Perseus A, NGC 1275 spans over 100,000 light years and lies about 230 million light years away.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1006/n1275hst_kelly.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Hubble Remix: Active Galaxy NGC 1275', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1006/n1275hst_kelly900.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(42, '2004-02-27', 'Only a few short years ago, when the APOD editors were in graduate school, the pervasive, cosmic Dark Energy was not even seriously discussed. Of course, it now appears that this strange energy dominates the cosmos (as well as lectures on cosmology) and provides a repulsive force accelerating the large scale expansion of the Universe. In fact, recent brightness measurements of distant and therefore ancient, stellar explosions or supernovae indicate that the universal expansion began to speed up in earnest four to six billion years ago, when the Dark Energy\'s repulsive force began to overcome the attractive force of gravity over cosmic distances. The Hubble Space telescope images above show a sample of the distant supernova explosions, billions of light-years away, in before (top) and after (bottom) pictures of their faint host galaxies. Hubble measured supernovae also hint that the Dark Energy\'s repulsive force is constant over cosmic time and so could be consistent with Einstein\'s original theory of gravitation. If the force actually changes with time, the Universe could still end in a Big Crunch or a Big Rip ... but not for at least an estimated 30 billion years.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0402/hiZsn_hubble_label.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Rumors of a Strange Universe', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0402/hiZsn_hubble_c1.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(43, '2013-05-03', 'Combined image data from the massive, ground-based VISTA telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope was used to create this wide perspective of the interstellar landscape surrounding the famous Horsehead Nebula. Captured at near-infrared wavelengths, the region\'s dusty molecular cloud sprawls across the scene that covers an angle about two-thirds the size of the Full Moon on the sky. Left to right the frame spans just over 10 light-years at the Horsehead\'s estimated distance of 1,600 light-years. Also known as Barnard 33, the still recognizable Horsehead Nebula stands at the upper right, the near-infrared glow of a dusty pillar topped with newborn stars. Below and left, the bright reflection nebula NGC 2023 is itself the illuminated environs of a hot young star. Obscuring clouds below the base of the Horsehead and on the outskirts of NGC 2023 show the tell-tale far red emission of energetic jets, known as Herbig-Haro objects, also associated with newborn stars.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1305/HH-HST-ESO-gendler3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Horsehead: A Wider View', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1305/HH-HST-ESO-gendler810.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(44, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Large Cloud of Magellan', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Neptune');
INSERT INTO `NEPTUNE` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(45, '1998-08-15', 'Here is one of the largest objects that anyone will ever see on the sky. Each of the fuzzy blobs in the above picture is a galaxy, together making up the Perseus Cluster, one of the closest clusters of galaxies. We view the cluster through the foreground of faint stars in our own Milky Way Galaxy. It takes light roughly 300 million years to get here from this region of the Universe, so we see this cluster as it existed before the age of the dinosaurs. Also known as Abell 426, the center of the Perseus Cluster is a prodigious source of X-ray radiation, and so helps astronomers explore how clusters formed and how gas and dark matter interact. The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies is part of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster of galaxies, which spans over 15 degrees and contains over 1000 galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/perseus_pss.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/perseus_pss.gif', 'Digitized Sky Survey', 'Neptune'),
(46, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Aurora Banks Peninsula', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Neptune'),
(47, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Stars Without Galaxies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(48, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Moons Across Jupiter', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Neptune'),
(49, '2017-09-08', 'There were no crowds on the beach at Phillips Lake, Oregon on August 21. But a few had come there to stand, for a moment, in the dark shadow of the Moon. From the beach, this unscripted mosaic photo records their much anticipated solar eclipse. In two vertical panels it catches the last few seconds of totality and the first instant of 3rd contact, just as the eclipse ends and sunlight faintly returns. Across the US those gathered along the path of totality also took pictures and shared their moment. And like those at Phillips Lake they may treasure the experience more than any planned or unplanned photograph of the total eclipse of the Sun.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1709/GirlByTheLakeTSE2017_RBA2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Great Gig in the Sky', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1709/GirlByTheLakeTSE2017_RBA1.jpg', 'Rogelio Bernal\nAndreo', 'Neptune'),
(50, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - To Fly Free in Space', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(51, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Neptune'),
(52, '2014-07-27', 'The clouds surrounding the star system Rho Ophiuchi compose one of the closest star forming regions.  Rho Ophiuchi itself is a binary star system visible in the light-colored region on the image right. The star system, located only 400 light years away, is distinguished by its colorful surroundings, which include a red emission nebula and numerous light and dark brown dust lanes. Near the upper right of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud system is the yellow star Antares, while a distant but coincidently-superposed globular cluster of stars, M4, is visible between Antares and the red emission nebula. Near the image bottom lies IC 4592, the Blue Horsehead nebula.  The blue glow that surrounds the Blue Horsehead\'s eye -- and other stars around the image -- is a reflection nebula composed of fine dust. On the above image left is a geometrically angled reflection nebula cataloged as Sharpless 1.  Here, the bright star near the dust vortex creates the light of surrounding reflection nebula. Although most of these features are visible through a small telescope pointed toward the constellations of Ophiuchus, Scorpius, and Sagittarius, the only way to see the intricate details of the dust swirls, as featured above, is to use a long exposure camera.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1407/RhoOphWide_andreo_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1407/RhoOphWide_andreo_960.jpg', 'Rogelio Bernal Andreo', 'Neptune'),
(53, '1997-01-25', 'The Whirlpool Galaxy is a classic spiral galaxy.\r At only 15 million light years distant, M51,\r also cataloged as NGC 5194,\r is one of the brighter and more picturesque galaxies\r on the sky. The smaller galaxy appearing here above and to the\r right is also well behind M51,\r as can be inferred by the dust in M51\'s\r spiral arm blocking light from this smaller galaxy. Astronomers\r speculate that M51\'s spiral structure\r is primarily due to it\'s gravitational interaction with this smaller\r galaxy.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/m51_hall.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy\r\nCredit:', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/m51_hall.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(54, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Neptune'),
(55, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(56, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Neptune'),
(57, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(58, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Helios Helium', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(59, '2015-05-22', 'In the dusty sky toward the constellation Taurus and the Orion Arm of our Milky Way Galaxy, this broad mosaic follows dark and faint reflection nebulae along the region\'s fertile molecular cloud. The six degree wide field of view starts with long dark nebula LDN 1495 stretching from the lower left, and extends beyond the (upside down) bird-like visage of the Baby Eagle Nebula, LBN 777, at lower right. Small bluish reflection nebulae surround scattered fainter Taurus stars, sights often skipped over in favor of the constellation\'s better known, brighter celestial spectacles. Associated with the young, variable star RY Tau, the yellowish nebula VdB 27 is toward the upper left. Only 400 light-years or so distant, the Taurus molecular cloud is one of the closest regions of low-mass star formation. At that distance this dark vista would span over 40 light-years.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1505/vdb27-Pnl1-2-LBN777-Rosen2048x.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Dark and Dusty Sky', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1505/vdb27-Pnl1-2-LBN777-Rosen1078x.jpg', 'Scott Rosen', 'Neptune'),
(60, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Major Fireball Meteor', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Neptune'),
(61, '2004-04-13', 'Why would a cloud appear to be different colors?  A relatively rare phenomenon known as iridescent clouds can show unusual colors vividly or a whole spectrum of colors simultaneously.  These clouds are formed of small water droplets of nearly uniform size.  When the Sun is in the right position and mostly hidden by thick clouds,  these thinner clouds significantly diffract sunlight in a nearly coherent manner, with different colors being deflected by different amounts.  Therefore, different colors will come to the observer from slightly different directions.  Many clouds start with uniform regions that could show iridescence but quickly become too thick, too mixed, or too far from the Sun to exhibit striking colors. Pictured above, an iridescent cloud was photographed near Cannes,  France last month.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0404/iridescence_koch_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - An Iridescent Cloud Over France', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0404/iridescence_koch.jpg', 'Michael Koch', 'Neptune'),
(62, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Neptune'),
(63, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Spicules: Jets on the Sun', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(64, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Neptune'),
(65, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Neptune'),
(66, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Tulip and Cygnus X-1', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Neptune'),
(67, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Year of Sky on Earth', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Neptune'),
(68, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Neptune'),
(69, '2025-02-11', 'Will the spider ever catch the fly? Not if both are large emission nebulas toward the constellation of the Charioteer (Auriga).  The spider-shaped gas cloud in the image center is actually an emission nebula labelled IC 417, while the smaller fly-shaped cloud on the left is dubbed  NGC 1931 and is both an emission nebula and a reflection nebula.  About 10,000 light-years distant, both nebulas harbor young star clusters. For scale, the more compact NGC 1931 (Fly) is about 10 light-years across. The featured deep image, captured over 20 hours during late January in Berkshire UK, also shows more diffuse and red-glowing interstellar gas and dust.   Explore Your Universe: Random APOD Generator', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2502/SpiderFly_Boddington_4788.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Spider and the Fly', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2502/SpiderFly_Boddington_1080.jpg', 'Dave Boddington', 'Neptune'),
(70, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Io Full Face\r\nCredit:', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(71, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Aurora in Colorado Skies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Neptune'),
(72, '2021-11-17', 'Why doesn\'t the nearby galaxy create a gravitational lensing effect on the background galaxy? It does, but since both galaxies are so nearby, the angular shift is much smaller than the angular sizes of the galaxies themselves.  The featured Hubble image of NGC 3314 shows two large spiral galaxies which happen to line up exactly.  The foreground spiral NGC 3314a appears nearly face-on with its pinwheel shape defined by young bright star clusters.  Against the glow of the background galaxy NGC 3314b, though, dark swirling lanes of interstellar dust can also be seen tracing the nearer spiral\'s structure.  Both galaxies appear on the edge of the Hydra Cluster of Galaxies, a cluster that is about 200 million light years away. Gravitational lens distortions are much easier to see when the lensing galaxy is smaller and further away. Then, the background galaxy may even be distorted into a ring around the nearer. Fast gravitational lens flashes due to stars in the foreground galaxy momentarily magnifying the light from stars in the background galaxy might one day be visible in future observing campaigns with high-resolution telescopes.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/NGC3314_HubbleOstling_2014.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/NGC3314_HubbleOstling_960.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(73, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Circling the Sun', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Neptune'),
(74, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(75, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Lunar Nearside', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(76, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Martian Analemma', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Neptune'),
(77, '2020-09-17', 'The general trend of monthly sunspot data now confirms that the minimum of the approximately 11 year cycle of solar activity occurred in December 2019, marking the start of Solar Cycle 25. That quiet Sun, at minimum activity, appears on the right of this split hemispherical view. In contrast, the left side shows the active Sun at the recognized maximum of Solar Cycle 24, captured in April 2014. The extreme ultraviolet images from the orbiting Solar Dynamics Observatory highlight coronal loops and active regions in the light of highly ionized iron atoms. Driving the space weather around our fair planet, Solar Cycle 24 was a relatively calm one and predictions are that cycle 25 will be calm too. The cycle 25 activity maximum is expected in July 2025. Solar Cycle 1, the first solar cycle determined from early records of sunspot data, is considered to begin with a minimum in February 1755.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2009/ig_maxmin.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Solar Cycle 25 Has Begun', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2009/ig_maxmin.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(78, '2002-01-08', 'Rich star fields and glowing hydrogen gas silhouette dense, opaque clouds of interstellar gas and dust in this Hubble Space Telescope close-up of IC 2944, a bright star forming region in Centaurus, 5,900 light-years away. The largest of these dark globules, first spotted by South African astronomer A. D. Thackeray in 1950, is likely two separate but overlapping clouds, each more than one light-year wide. Combined the clouds contain material equivalent to about 15 times the mass of the Sun, but will they actually collapse to form massive stars? Along with other data, the sharp Hubble images indicate that Thackeray\'s globules are fractured and churning as a result of intense ultraviolet radiation from young, hot stars already energizing and heating the bright emission nebula. These and similar dark globules known to be associated with other star forming regions may ultimately be dissipated by their hostile environment -- like cosmic lumps of butter in a hot frying pan. The chevron shape of the picture outlines the detectors of the Hubble\'s WFPC2 camera.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/ic2944glob_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Thackeray\'s Globules', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/ic2944glob_hst.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(79, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Welcome to the Moon Hotel', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Neptune'),
(80, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Eruption on Io', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(81, '2004-12-27', 'The center of the Andromeda galaxy is beautiful but strange.  Andromeda, indexed as M31, is so close to our own Milky Way Galaxy that it gives a unique perspective into galaxy composition by allowing us to see into its core.  Billions of stars swarm around a center that has two nuclei and likely houses a supermassive black hole over 5 million times the mass of our Sun.  M31 is about two million light years away and visible with the unaided eye towards the constellation of Andromeda, the princess.  Pictured above, dark knots of dust are seen superposed on the inner 10,000 light years of M31\'s core.  The brighter stars are foreground stars located in our Milky Way Galaxy.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/m31core_gendler_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Andromeda\'s Core', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/m31core_gendler.jpg', 'Robert Gendler', 'Neptune'),
(82, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Year Of New Perspectives', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(83, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Venus: Just Passing By', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(84, '2014-09-18', 'In this crowded starfield covering over 2 degrees within the high flying constellation Cygnus, the eye is drawn to the Cocoon Nebula. A compact star forming region, the cosmic Cocoon punctuates a long trail of obscuring interstellar dust clouds. Cataloged as IC 5146, the nebula is nearly 15 light-years wide, located some 4,000 light years away. Like other star forming regions, it stands out in red, glowing, hydrogen gas excited by the young, hot stars and blue, dust-reflected starlight at the edge of an otherwise invisible molecular cloud. In fact, the bright star near the center of this nebula is likely only a few hundred thousand years old, powering the nebular glow as it clears out a cavity in the molecular cloud\'s star forming dust and gas. But the long dusty filaments that appear dark in this visible light image are themselves hiding stars in the process of formation that can be seen seen at infrared wavelengths.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1409/cocoonIC5146pelliccia.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Cocoon Nebula Wide Field', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1409/cocoonIC5146pelliccia600h.jpg', 'Federico Pelliccia', 'Neptune'),
(85, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Neptune'),
(86, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Neptune'),
(87, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Neptune'),
(88, '2007-03-14', 'Why do some spiral galaxies have a ring around the center?  First and foremost, M95 is one of the closer examples of a big and beautiful barred spiral galaxy.  Visible in the above recent image from the CFHT telescope in Hawaii, USA, are sprawling spiral arms delineate by open clusters of bright blue stars, lanes of dark dust, the diffuse glow of billions of faint stars, and a short bar across the galaxy center.  What intrigues many astronomers, however, is the circumnuclear ring around the galaxy center visible just outside the central bar.  Recent images by the Chandra X-ray Observatory have shown that X-ray light surrounding the ring is likely emission from recent supernovas.  Although the long term stability of the ring remains a topic of research, recent observations indicate its present brightness is at least enhanced by transient bursts of star formation. M95, also known as NGC 3351, spans about 50,000 light-years and can be seen with a small telescope toward the constellation of the Lion (Leo).', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0703/m95_cfht_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Barred Spiral Galaxy M95', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0703/m95_cfht.jpg', 'Jean-Charles\nCuillandre', 'Neptune');
INSERT INTO `NEPTUNE` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(89, '2012-04-24', 'What would it look like to approach an asteroid in a spaceship? In 2010, ESA\'s robotic Rosetta spacecraft zipped past the asteroid 21 Lutetia taking data and snapping images in an effort to better determine the history of the asteroid and the origin of its unusual colors.  Recently, many images from a camera always facing the asteroid were compiled into the above video. Although of unknown composition, Lutetia is not massive enough for gravity to pull it into a sphere. The 100-kilometer across Lutetian was at that time the largest asteroid or comet nucleus that had been visited by a human-launched spacecraft. Orbiting in the main asteroid belt, Lutetia shows itself to be a heavily cratered remnant of the early Solar System. Now well past Lutetia, the Rosetta spacecraft is continuing onto comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko where a landing is planned for 2014.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Rosetta Approaches Asteroid Lutetia', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/KFIMqE-LS1I?rel=0', '', 'Neptune'),
(90, '2000-01-30', 'At night, from a dark location, part of the clear sky looks milky.  This unusual swath of dim light is generally visible during any month and from any location.  Until the invention of the telescope, nobody really knew what the \"Milky Way\" was.  About 300 years ago telescopes caused a startling revelation: the Milky Way was made of stars.  Only 70 years ago, more powerful telescopes brought the further revelation that the Milky Way is only one galaxy among many.  Now telescopes in space allow yet deeper understanding.  The above picture was taken by the COBE satellite and shows the plane of our Galaxy in infrared light. The thin disk of our home spiral galaxy is clearly apparent, with stars appearing white and interstellar dust appearing red.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Milky Way in Infrared', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(91, '2017-01-14', 'Clouds of stardust drift through this deep skyscape. The cosmic scene spans nearly 2 degrees across the Perseus molecular cloud some 850 light-years away. A triangle of dusty nebulae reflecting light from embedded stars is captured in the telescopic field of view. With a characteristic bluish color reflection nebula NGC 1333 is at left, vdB13 at bottom right, and rare yellowish reflection nebula vdB12 lies at the top. Stars are forming in the Perseus molecular cloud, though most are obscured at visible wavelengths by the pervasive dust. Still, hints of contrasting red emission from Herbig-Haro objects, the jets and shocked glowing gas emanating from recently formed stars, are evident in NGC 1333. At the estimated distance of the molecular cloud, legs of the triangle formed by the reflection nebulae would be about 20 light-years long.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/NGC1333v13v12fenyes.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Stardust in the Perseus Molecular Cloud', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/NGC1333v13v12fenyes1024.jpg', 'Lorand Fenyes', 'Neptune'),
(92, '2005-07-20', 'What lies on the floor of this Martian crater?  A frozen patch of water ice.  The robotic Mars Express spacecraft took the above image in early February.   The ice pocket was found in a 35-kilometer wide crater that resides 70 degrees north of the Martian equator.  There, sunlight is blocked by the 300-meter tall crater wall from vaporizing the water-ice on the crater floor into the thin Martian atmosphere. The ice pocket may be as deep as 200 meters thick.  Frost can be seen around the inner edge on the upper right part of the crater, while part of the lower left crater wall is bathed in sunlight.  The existence of water-ice pockets inside craters near the Martian North Pole, like that pictured above and others noted previously, give clues not only about surface conditions in the Martian past but also possible places where future water-based astronauts might do well to land.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Water Ice in a Martian Crater', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0507/icecrater_marsexpress.jpg', 'Nature', 'Neptune'),
(93, '2019-08-28', 'Image data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the European Southern Observatory, and small telescopes on planet Earth are combined in this magnificent portrait of face-on spiral galaxy Messier 61 (M61). A mere 55 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, M61 is also known as NGC 4303. It\'s considered to be an example of a barred spiral galaxy similar to our own Milky Way. Like other spiral galaxies, M61 also features sweeping spiral arms, cosmic dust lanes, pinkish star forming regions, and young blue star clusters. The bright galactic core is offset to the left in this 50 thousand light-year wide close-up.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-L.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Messier 61 Close Up', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1908/M61-HST-ESO-S1024.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(94, '2009-03-10', 'Adrift 1,500 light-years away in one of the night sky\'s most recognizable constellations, the glowing Orion Nebula and the dark Horsehead Nebula are contrasting cosmic vistas. They appear in opposite corners of this stunning mosaic taken with a digital camera attached to a small telescope. The magnificent emission region, the Orion Nebula (aka M42), lies at the upper right of the picture. Immediately to its left is a prominent bluish reflection nebula sometimes called the Running Man. The Horsehead nebula appears as a dark cloud, a small silhouette notched against the long red glow at the lower left. Alnitak is the easternmost star in Orion\'s belt and is seen as the brightest star to the left of the Horsehead. Below Alnitak is the Flame Nebula, with clouds of bright emission and dramatic dark dust lanes.  Pervasive tendrils of glowing hydrogen gas are easily traced throughout the region in this deep field image of the same region.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0903/horseheadorion_martin_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Horsehead and Orion Nebulae', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0903/horseheadorion_martin.jpg', 'Dale J. Martin\n(Massapoag Pond Obs.)', 'Neptune'),
(95, '2025-10-30', 'Sure, Halloween is an astronomy holiday. But astronomers always enjoy scanning the heavens for spook-tacular galaxies, stars, and nebulae. This favorite is item number 43 from the Beverly Lynds 1962 Catalog of Dark Nebulae, fondly known as the Cosmic Bat nebula. While its visage looks alarmingly like a scary flying mammal, Lynds Dark Nebula 43 is over 12 light-years across. Glowing with eerie light, stars are forming within the dusty interstellar molecular cloud that is dense enough to appear in silhouette against a luminous background of Milky Way stars. Watch out. This Cosmic Bat nebula is a mere 400 light-years distant toward the serpent-bearing constellation Ophiucus.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2510/LDN43_CielAustral_2000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Lynds Dark Nebula 43', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2510/LDN43_CielAustral_1024.jpg', 'Team Ciel Austral', 'Neptune'),
(96, '2002-08-30', 'It\'s easy to get lost following the intricate filaments in this stunningly detailed image of faint supernova remnant Simeis 147. Seen towards the constellation Taurus it covers nearly 3 degrees (6 full moons) on the sky corresponding to a width of 150 light-years at the stellar debris cloud\'s estimated distance of 3,000 light-years. On three separate nights in December 2001 and January 2002 astronomer Steve Mandel accumulated a total of over eight hours of exposure time to compose this image. He used an astronomical CCD camera, telephoto lens, and his specially designed adapter to allow such wide-field digital imaging. He also used a narrow H-alpha filter to transmit only the the light from recombining hydrogen atoms in the expanding nebulosity, defining the regions of shocked, glowing gas. This supernova remnant has an apparent age of about 100,000 years (light from the original explosion first reached Earth 100,000 years ago) but it is not the only aftermath of the massive stellar explosion. The cosmic catastrophe also left behind a spinning neutron star or pulsar, all that remains of the star\'s dense core.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Semeis 147: Supernova Remnant', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/s147_mandel.jpg', 'Steve Mandel', 'Neptune'),
(97, '2009-01-05', 'This meteor streaking toward the horizon through the early morning sky of January 4th is from the annual Quadrantid meteor shower. Aligned with the shower\'s radiant point high in the north (off the top of the view), the meteor trail passes to the right of bright bluish star Beta Scorpii. Remarkably, near the top of the trail is a small spot, the fuzzy greenish glow of a comet. Discovered in July of 2007, Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3), is too faint now to be easily seen by the unaided eye, but will likely brighten to become visible to skygazers by late February. The well-timed skyscape featuring both comet and meteor is particularly appropriate as cometary bodies are known to be the origins of planet Earth\'s annual meteor showers.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshi.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Comet and Meteor', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0901/Quadran-Lulin_tafreshih600.jpg', 'Babak Tafreshi', 'Neptune'),
(98, '1997-04-15', 'Comet Hale-Bopp\r is being observed by many different telescopes. Here the comet is pictured\r behind the array of radio telescopes\r which compose the Plateau de Bure Interferometer.\r These telescopes are being used to detect the presence of different molecules\r in the coma and tail of Comet Hale-Bopp. Molecules detected\r in the comet include carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The\r abundance of different types of molecules in Comet Hale-Bopp\'s\r coma give clues to its composition\r and history, as well as clues to the composition and history of\r our Solar System. Comet Hale-Bopp\r has now rounded the Sun and is headed\r back out. It can still be seen by northern observers for several\r weeks in the northwest sky after sunset.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9704/halebopp1_iram.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Hale-Bopp and Plateau de Bure Interferometer \r\nCredit and Copyright:', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9704/halebopp1_iram.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(99, '2011-09-24', 'From Sagittarius to Carina, the Milky Way Galaxy shines in this dark night sky above planet Earth\'s lush island paradise of Mangaia. Familiar to denizens of the southern hemisphere, the gorgeous skyscape includes the bulging galactic center at the upper left and bright stars Alpha and Beta Centauri just right of center. About 10 kilometers wide, volcanic Mangaia is the southernmost of the Cook Islands. Geologists estimate that at 18 million years old it is the oldest island in the Pacific Ocean. Of course, the Milky Way is somewhat older, with the galaxy\'s oldest stars estimated to be over 13 billion years old. (Editor\'s note: This image holds the distinction of being selected as winner in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition in the Earth and Space category.)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Mangaia\'s Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1109/MangaiaMW_tezel900.jpg', 'Tunç Tezel', 'Neptune'),
(100, '1995-10-13', 'Jupiter, the solar system\'s largest planet, is seen here next to Io, its closest Galilean moon. On the cloud tops of Jupiter near the left edge of the picture can be seen a dark circular spot which is caused by the shadow of Jupiter\'s largest moon Ganymede. Jupiter\'s cloud tops show light bands and dark belts.  The clouds are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, but their intense colors are probably caused by very small amounts of heavier elements such as sulfur or organic (carbon-containing) compounds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Jupiter, Io, and Ganymede\'s Shadow', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/jupiterio_vg1.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(101, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Comet ATLAS over Brasília', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(102, '1999-07-15', 'Known for his sense of humor and infectious grin, Charles P. \"Pete\" Conrad, as commander of the Apollo 12 mission, was the third person to walk on the moon. Not a tall man, Conrad stepped down onto the lunar surface in November of 1969 and gleefully commented, \"Whoopie! Man, that may have been a small one for Neil, but that\'s a long one for me.\" Born June 2nd, 1930 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Princeton University in 1953 and went on to become a Navy test pilot. Selected as a NASA astronaut in 1962, Conrad is seen here in 1965 during a suiting up activity in preparation for his first space flight - the endurance record setting Gemini 5 mission. His final space flight was to Skylab in 1973. Tragically, Conrad died from injuries in a motorcycle accident on Thursday, July 8.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9907/peteconrad_c1.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Charles P. Conrad, Jr. 1930-1999', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9907/peteconrad_c1.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(103, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Neptune'),
(104, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - NICER at Night', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(105, '1996-07-04', 'Three thousand light years away, a dying star throws off shells of glowing gas. This image from the Hubble Space Telescope reveals \"The Cat\'s Eye Nebula\" to be one of the most complex planetary nebulae known. In fact, the features seen in this image are so complex that astronomers suspect the bright central object may actually be a binary star system. The term planetary nebula, used to describe this general class of objects, is misleading. Although these objects may appear round and planet-like in small telescopes, high resolution images reveal them to be stars surrounded by cocoons of gas blown off in the late stages of stellar evolution.   APOD News: Policy on Re-Running Pictures', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/catseye_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - The Cat\'s Eye Nebula (Revisited)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/catseye_hst.gif', '', 'Neptune'),
(106, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Tail of Two Hemispheres', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Neptune'),
(107, '2002-03-29', 'NGC 4631 is a big beautiful spiral galaxy seen edge-on only 25 million light-years away towards the small northern constellation Canes Venatici. This galaxy\'s slightly distorted wedge shape suggests to some a cosmic herring and to others the popular moniker of The Whale Galaxy. Either way, it is similar in size to our own Milky Way. In this gorgeous color image, the Whale\'s dark interstellar dust clouds, young bright blue star clusters, and purplish star forming regions are easy to spot. A companion galaxy, the small elliptical NGC 4627 appears above the Whale Galaxy. Out of view off the lower left corner of the picture lies another distorted galaxy, the hockey stick-shaped NGC 4656. The distortions and mingling trails of gas and dust detected at other wavelengths suggest that all three galaxies have had close encounters with each other in their past. The Whale Galaxy is also known to have spouted a halo of hot gas glowing in x-rays.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0203/n4631zeiders_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0203/n4631zeiders_c2.jpg', '', 'Neptune'),
(108, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Perseids Around the Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Neptune'),
(109, '2008-04-16', 'This sky is protected.  Yesterday marked the 50 year anniversary of the first lighting ordinance ever enacted, which restricted searchlight advertisements from sweeping the night skies above Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.  Flagstaff now enjoys the status of being the first International Dark Sky City, and maintains a lighting code that limits lights from polluting this majestic nighttime view.  The current dark skies over Flagstaff not only enable local astronomers to decode the universe but allow local sky enthusiasts to see and enjoy a tapestry contemplated previously by every human generation.  The above image, pointing just east of north, was taken two weeks ago at 3 am from Fort Valley, only 10 kilometers from central Flagstaff.  Visible in the above spectacular panorama are the San Francisco Peaks caped by a lenticular cloud.  Far in the distance, the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy arcs diagonally from the lower left to the upper right, highlighted by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Cygnus.   On the far right, the North America Nebula is visible just under the very bright star Deneb.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/flagstaffsky_usno_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - A Protected Night Sky Over Flagstaff', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/flagstaffsky_usno.jpg', 'Dan & Cindy Duriscoe, \nFDSC, \nLowell Obs., \nUSNO', 'Neptune'),
(110, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Aurora over New Zealand', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Neptune'),
(111, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Neptune Study - Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Neptune');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `SATURN`
--

INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 0)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(2, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 1)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(3, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 2)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(4, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(5, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 4)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(6, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 5)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(7, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 6)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(8, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 7)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(9, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 8)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(10, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 9)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(11, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 10)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(12, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 11)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(13, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 12)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(14, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 13)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(15, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 14)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(16, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 15)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(17, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 16)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(18, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 17)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(19, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 18)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(20, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 19)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(21, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 20)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(22, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 21)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(23, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 22)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(24, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 23)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(25, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 24)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(26, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 25)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(27, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 26)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(28, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 27)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(29, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 28)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(30, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 29)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(31, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 30)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(32, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 31)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(33, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 32)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(34, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 33)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(35, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 34)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(36, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 35)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(37, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 36)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(38, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 37)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(39, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 38)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(40, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 39)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(41, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 40)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(42, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 41)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(43, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 42)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(44, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 43)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(45, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 44)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(46, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 45)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(47, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 46)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(48, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 47)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(49, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 48)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(50, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 49)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(51, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 50)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(52, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 51)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(53, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 52)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(54, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 53)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(55, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 54)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(56, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 55)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(57, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 56)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(58, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 57)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(59, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 58)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(60, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 59)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(61, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 60)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(62, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 61)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(63, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 62)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(64, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 63)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(65, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 64)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(66, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 65)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(67, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 66)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(68, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 67)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(69, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 68)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(70, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 69)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(71, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 70)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(72, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 71)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(73, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 72)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(74, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 73)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(75, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 74)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(76, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 75)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(77, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 76)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(78, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 77)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(79, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 78)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(80, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 79)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(81, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 80)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(82, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 81)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(83, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 82)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(84, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 83)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(85, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 84)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(86, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 85)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(87, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 86)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(88, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 87)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(89, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 88)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(90, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 89)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(91, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 90)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(92, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 91)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(93, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 92)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(94, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 93)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(95, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 94)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(96, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 95)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(97, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 96)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(98, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 97)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(99, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 98)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(100, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 99)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(101, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(102, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(103, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 102)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(104, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(105, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(106, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(107, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 106)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(108, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(109, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(110, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(111, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 110)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(112, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(113, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(114, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(115, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 114)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(116, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(117, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(118, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(119, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 118)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(120, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(121, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(122, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(123, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 122)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(124, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(125, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(126, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(127, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 126)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(128, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(129, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(130, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(131, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 130)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(132, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(133, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(134, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(135, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 134)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(136, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(137, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(138, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(139, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 138)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(140, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(141, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(142, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(143, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 142)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(144, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(145, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(146, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(147, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 146)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(148, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(149, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(150, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(151, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 150)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(152, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(153, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(154, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(155, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 154)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(156, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(157, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(158, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(159, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 158)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(160, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(161, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(162, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(163, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 162)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(164, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(165, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(166, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(167, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 166)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(168, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(169, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(170, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(171, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 170)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(172, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(173, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(174, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(175, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 174)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(176, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(177, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(178, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(179, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 178)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(180, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(181, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(182, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(183, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 182)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(184, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(185, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(186, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(187, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 186)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(188, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(189, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(190, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(191, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 190)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(192, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(193, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(194, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(195, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 194)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(196, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(197, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(198, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(199, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 198)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(200, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(201, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(202, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(203, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 202)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(204, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(205, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(206, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(207, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 206)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(208, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(209, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(210, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(211, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 210)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(212, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(213, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(214, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(215, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 214)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(216, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(217, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(218, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(219, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 218)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(220, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(221, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(222, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(223, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 222)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(224, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(225, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(226, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(227, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 226)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(228, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(229, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(230, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(231, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 230)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(232, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(233, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(234, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(235, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 234)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(236, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(237, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(238, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(239, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 238)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(240, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(241, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(242, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(243, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 242)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(244, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(245, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(246, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(247, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 246)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(248, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(249, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(250, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(251, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 250)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(252, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(253, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(254, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(255, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 254)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(256, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(257, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(258, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(259, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 258)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(260, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(261, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(262, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(263, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 262)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(264, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(265, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(266, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(267, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 266)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(268, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(269, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(270, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(271, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 270)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(272, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(273, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(274, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(275, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 274)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(276, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(277, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(278, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(279, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 278)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(280, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(281, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(282, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(283, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 282)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(284, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(285, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(286, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(287, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 286)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(288, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(289, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(290, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(291, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 290)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(292, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(293, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(294, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(295, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 294)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(296, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(297, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(298, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(299, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 298)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(300, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(301, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(302, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(303, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 302)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(304, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(305, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(306, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(307, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 306)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(308, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(309, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(310, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(311, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 310)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(312, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(313, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(314, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(315, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 314)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(316, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(317, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(318, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(319, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 318)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(320, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(321, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(322, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(323, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 322)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(324, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(325, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(326, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(327, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 326)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(328, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(329, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(330, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(331, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 330)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(332, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(333, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(334, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(335, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 334)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(336, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(337, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(338, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(339, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 338)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(340, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(341, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(342, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(343, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 342)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(344, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(345, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(346, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(347, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 346)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(348, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(349, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(350, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(351, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 350)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(352, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(353, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(354, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(355, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 354)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(356, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(357, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(358, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(359, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 358)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(360, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(361, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(362, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(363, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 362)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(364, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(365, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(366, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(367, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 366)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(368, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(369, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(370, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(371, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 370)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(372, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(373, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(374, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(375, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 374)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(376, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(377, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(378, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(379, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 378)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(380, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(381, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(382, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(383, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 382)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(384, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(385, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(386, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(387, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 386)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(388, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(389, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(390, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(391, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 390)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(392, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(393, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(394, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(395, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 394)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(396, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(397, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(398, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(399, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 398)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(400, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(401, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(402, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(403, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 402)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(404, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(405, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(406, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(407, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 406)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(408, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(409, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(410, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(411, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 410)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(412, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(413, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(414, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(415, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 414)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(416, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(417, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(418, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(419, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 418)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(420, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(421, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(422, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(423, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 422)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(424, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(425, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(426, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(427, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 426)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(428, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(429, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(430, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(431, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 430)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(432, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(433, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(434, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(435, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 434)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(436, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(437, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(438, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(439, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 438)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(440, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(441, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(442, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(443, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 442)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(444, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(445, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(446, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(447, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 446)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(448, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(449, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(450, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(451, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 450)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(452, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(453, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(454, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(455, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 454)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(456, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(457, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(458, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(459, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 458)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(460, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(461, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(462, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(463, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 462)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(464, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(465, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(466, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(467, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 466)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(468, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(469, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(470, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(471, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 470)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(472, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(473, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(474, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(475, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 474)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(476, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(477, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(478, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(479, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 478)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(480, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(481, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(482, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(483, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 482)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(484, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(485, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(486, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(487, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 486)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(488, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(489, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(490, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(491, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 490)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(492, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(493, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(494, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(495, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 494)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(496, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(497, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(498, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(499, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 498)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(500, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(501, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(502, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(503, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 502)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(504, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(505, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(506, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 505)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(507, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 506)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(508, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 507)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(509, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 508)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(510, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 509)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(511, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 510)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(512, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 511)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(513, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 512)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(514, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 513)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(515, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 514)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(516, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 515)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(517, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 516)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(518, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 517)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(519, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 518)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(520, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 519)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(521, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 520)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(522, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 521)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(523, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 522)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(524, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 523)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(525, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 524)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(526, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 525)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(527, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 526)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(528, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 527)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(529, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 528)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(530, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 529)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(531, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 530)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(532, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 531)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(533, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 532)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(534, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 533)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(535, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 534)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(536, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 535)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(537, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 536)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(538, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 537)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(539, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 538)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(540, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 539)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(541, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 540)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(542, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 541)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(543, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 542)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(544, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 543)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(545, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 544)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(546, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 545)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(547, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 546)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(548, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 547)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(549, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 548)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(550, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 549)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(551, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 550)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(552, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 551)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(553, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 552)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(554, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 553)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(555, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 554)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(556, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 555)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(557, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 556)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(558, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 557)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(559, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 558)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(560, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 559)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(561, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 560)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(562, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 561)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(563, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 562)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(564, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 563)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(565, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 564)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(566, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 565)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(567, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 566)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(568, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 567)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(569, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 568)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(570, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 569)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(571, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 570)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(572, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 571)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(573, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 572)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(574, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 573)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(575, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 574)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(576, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 575)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(577, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 576)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(578, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 577)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(579, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 578)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(580, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 579)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(581, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 580)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(582, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 581)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(583, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 582)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(584, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 583)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(585, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 584)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(586, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 585)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(587, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 586)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(588, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 587)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(589, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 588)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(590, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 589)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(591, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 590)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(592, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 591)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(593, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 592)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(594, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 593)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(595, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 594)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(596, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 595)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(597, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 596)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(598, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 597)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(599, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 598)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(600, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 599)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(601, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 600)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(602, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 601)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(603, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 602)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(604, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 603)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(605, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 604)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(606, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 605)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(607, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 606)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(608, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 607)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(609, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 608)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(610, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 609)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(611, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 610)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(612, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 611)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(613, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 612)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(614, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 613)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(615, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 614)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(616, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 615)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(617, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 616)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(618, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 617)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(619, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 618)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(620, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 619)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(621, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 620)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(622, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 621)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(623, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 622)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(624, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 623)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(625, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 624)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(626, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 625)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(627, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 626)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(628, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 627)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(629, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 628)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(630, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 629)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(631, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 630)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(632, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 631)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(633, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 632)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(634, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 633)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(635, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 634)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(636, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 635)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(637, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 636)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(638, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 637)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(639, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 638)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(640, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 639)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(641, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 640)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(642, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 641)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(643, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 642)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(644, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 643)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(645, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 644)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(646, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 645)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(647, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 646)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(648, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 647)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(649, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 648)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(650, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 649)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(651, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 650)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(652, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 651)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(653, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 652)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(654, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 653)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(655, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 654)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(656, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 655)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(657, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 656)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(658, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 657)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(659, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 658)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(660, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 659)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(661, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 660)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(662, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 661)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(663, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 662)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(664, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 663)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(665, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 664)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(666, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 665)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(667, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 666)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(668, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 667)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(669, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 668)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(670, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 669)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(671, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 670)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(672, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 671)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(673, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 672)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(674, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 673)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(675, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 674)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(676, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 675)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(677, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 676)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(678, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 677)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(679, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 678)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(680, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 679)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(681, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 680)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(682, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 681)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(683, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 682)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(684, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 683)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(685, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 684)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(686, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 685)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(687, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 686)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(688, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 687)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(689, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 688)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(690, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 689)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(691, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 690)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(692, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 691)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(693, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 692)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(694, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 693)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(695, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 694)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(696, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 695)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(697, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 696)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(698, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 697)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(699, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 698)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(700, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 699)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(701, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 700)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(702, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 701)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(703, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 702)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(704, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 703)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(705, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 704)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(706, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 705)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(707, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 706)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(708, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 707)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(709, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 708)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(710, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 709)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(711, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 710)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(712, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 711)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(713, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 712)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(714, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 713)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(715, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 714)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(716, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 715)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(717, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 716)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(718, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 717)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(719, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 718)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(720, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 719)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(721, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 720)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(722, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 721)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(723, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 722)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(724, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 723)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(725, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 724)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(726, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 725)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(727, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 726)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(728, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 727)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(729, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 728)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(730, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 729)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(731, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 730)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(732, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 731)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(733, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 732)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(734, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 733)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(735, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 734)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(736, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 735)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn');
INSERT INTO `SATURN` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(737, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 736)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(738, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 737)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(739, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 738)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(740, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 739)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(741, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 740)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(742, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 741)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(743, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 742)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(744, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 743)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(745, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 744)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(746, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 745)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(747, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 746)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(748, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 747)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(749, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 748)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(750, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 749)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(751, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 750)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(752, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 751)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(753, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 752)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn'),
(754, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn (Ref 753)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(755, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Moons Across Jupiter (Ref 754)', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Saturn'),
(756, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 755)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Saturn'),
(757, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Perseids Around the Milky Way (Ref 756)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Saturn');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `URANUS`
--

INSERT INTO `URANUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2025-01-21', 'What\'s that in the sky? Above the city, above most clouds, far in the distance: it\'s a comet. Pictured, the impressive tail of Comet C/2024 G3 (ATLAS) was imaged from Brasília, Brazil four days ago. Last week the evolving  comet rounded the Sun well inside the orbit of planet Mercury, going so close there was early concern that it might break up -- and recent evidence that it really did.  At one point near perihelion, Comet ATLAS was so bright that sightings were even reported during the day -- over the bright sky near the Sun -- by careful observers.  Over the past few days, Comet ATLAS has developed a long tail that has been partly visible with unaided eyes after sunset, most notably in Earth\'s southern hemisphere.    Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Comet ATLAS over Brasília', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CometATLAS_Danin_1080.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(2, '1999-07-15', 'Known for his sense of humor and infectious grin, Charles P. \"Pete\" Conrad, as commander of the Apollo 12 mission, was the third person to walk on the moon. Not a tall man, Conrad stepped down onto the lunar surface in November of 1969 and gleefully commented, \"Whoopie! Man, that may have been a small one for Neil, but that\'s a long one for me.\" Born June 2nd, 1930 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Princeton University in 1953 and went on to become a Navy test pilot. Selected as a NASA astronaut in 1962, Conrad is seen here in 1965 during a suiting up activity in preparation for his first space flight - the endurance record setting Gemini 5 mission. His final space flight was to Skylab in 1973. Tragically, Conrad died from injuries in a motorcycle accident on Thursday, July 8.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9907/peteconrad_c1.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Charles P. Conrad, Jr. 1930-1999', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9907/peteconrad_c1.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(3, '2026-03-25', 'In the words of today\'s astrophotographer, Rositsa Dimitrova, \"What have these silent sentinels watched pass across the sky?\" The volcanic mo\'ai (meaning statue) of Anakena stand guard over Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island), a Polynesian island (annexed by Chile in 1888) located thousands of kilometers off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the island\'s remoteness, the mo\'ai, with their backs to the dark ocean, are able to gaze upon a clear and vibrant night sky. Pictured, these larger-than-life statues stare at the bright band of the Milky Way, partly obscured by interstellar dust and blurred by Earth\'s clouds. Under such clear night skies, the Rapa Nui created observatories and used astronomical observations for navigation, calendar calibration, celebrations, and more. Images like this one remind us of the importance of dark skies, protecting the land underneath them, and preserving the culture that they inspire.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way.jpeg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Guardians of Rapa Nui beneath the Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2603/rapa_nui_milky_way_1024.jpeg', 'Rositsa Dimitrova\n\nText:\nKeighley Rockcliffe  \n(NASA\nGSFC, \nUMBC CSST, \nCRESST II)', 'Uranus'),
(4, '2019-06-01', 'A payload on board the International Space Station, the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) twists and turns to track cosmic sources of X-rays as the station orbits planet Earth every 93 minutes. During orbit nighttime, its X-ray detectors remain on. So as NICER slews from target to target bright arcs and loops are traced across this all-sky map made from 22 months of NICER data. The arcs tend to converge on prominent bright spots, pulsars in the X-ray sky that NICER regularly targets and monitors. The pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit clock-like pulses of X-rays. Their timing is so precise it can be used for navigation, determining spacecraft speed and position. This NICER X-ray, all-sky, map is composed in coordinates with the celestial equator horizontally across the center.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels_0.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - NICER at Night', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1906/NICERNightMovesnolabels1200.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(5, '1996-07-04', 'Three thousand light years away, a dying star throws off shells of glowing gas. This image from the Hubble Space Telescope reveals \"The Cat\'s Eye Nebula\" to be one of the most complex planetary nebulae known. In fact, the features seen in this image are so complex that astronomers suspect the bright central object may actually be a binary star system. The term planetary nebula, used to describe this general class of objects, is misleading. Although these objects may appear round and planet-like in small telescopes, high resolution images reveal them to be stars surrounded by cocoons of gas blown off in the late stages of stellar evolution.   APOD News: Policy on Re-Running Pictures', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/catseye_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Cat\'s Eye Nebula (Revisited)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/catseye_hst.gif', '', 'Uranus'),
(6, '2007-02-01', 'By January 19/20 Comet McNaught\'s magnificent dust tail stretched for about 150 million kilometers (~1 AU), requiring images from both southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth to take it all in. Two such views - from Cerro Paranal in Chile (left) and the Carnic Alps in Italy - are combined in this unique graphic that also outlines a perspective view of the comet\'s orbit (dotted line) and relative position of the Sun. Driven by solar radiation pressure the dust tail initially points away from the Sun, but also trails outside the comet\'s orbit. Astronomers try to account for the complex structure along the tail, including the pronounced striations, by considering forces acting on the dust (e.g. gravity, solar wind and radiation) as well as the release time and size of the dust grains. In the diagram, the modeled location of dust grains released at approximately the same time relative to perihelion passage, synchrones, are shown as dashed lines. The location of grains of similar size, syndynes, are shown as solid lines.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Tail of Two Hemispheres', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0702/mcnaught_deiriesfulle_comp720.jpg', 'S. Deiries\n(ESO),\nM. Fulle (INAF)', 'Uranus'),
(7, '2002-03-29', 'NGC 4631 is a big beautiful spiral galaxy seen edge-on only 25 million light-years away towards the small northern constellation Canes Venatici. This galaxy\'s slightly distorted wedge shape suggests to some a cosmic herring and to others the popular moniker of The Whale Galaxy. Either way, it is similar in size to our own Milky Way. In this gorgeous color image, the Whale\'s dark interstellar dust clouds, young bright blue star clusters, and purplish star forming regions are easy to spot. A companion galaxy, the small elliptical NGC 4627 appears above the Whale Galaxy. Out of view off the lower left corner of the picture lies another distorted galaxy, the hockey stick-shaped NGC 4656. The distortions and mingling trails of gas and dust detected at other wavelengths suggest that all three galaxies have had close encounters with each other in their past. The Whale Galaxy is also known to have spouted a halo of hot gas glowing in x-rays.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0203/n4631zeiders_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - NGC 4631: The Whale Galaxy', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0203/n4631zeiders_c2.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(8, '2020-08-17', 'Why would meteor trails appear curved? The arcing effect arises only because the image artificially compresses (nearly) the whole sky into a rectangle. The meteors are from the Perseid Meteor Shower that peaked last week. The featured multi-frame image combines not only different directions from the 360 projection, but different times when bright Perseid meteors momentarily streaked across the sky. All Perseid meteors can be traced back to the constellation Perseus toward the lower left, even the seemingly curved (but really straight) meteor trails.  Although Perseids always point back to their Perseus radiant, they can appear almost anywhere on the sky. The image was taken from Inner Mongolia, China, where grasslands meet sand dunes. Many treasures also visible in the busy night sky including the central arch of our Milky Way Galaxy, the planets Saturn and Jupiter toward the right, colorful airglow on the central left, and some relatively nearby Earthly clouds.  The Perseid Meteor Shower peaks every August.    Perseid Meteor Shower: Notable images submitted to APOD', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_4032.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Perseids Around the Milky Way', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/PerseidBridge_Zhang_1080.jpg', 'Jingyi Zhang', 'Uranus'),
(9, '2008-04-16', 'This sky is protected.  Yesterday marked the 50 year anniversary of the first lighting ordinance ever enacted, which restricted searchlight advertisements from sweeping the night skies above Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.  Flagstaff now enjoys the status of being the first International Dark Sky City, and maintains a lighting code that limits lights from polluting this majestic nighttime view.  The current dark skies over Flagstaff not only enable local astronomers to decode the universe but allow local sky enthusiasts to see and enjoy a tapestry contemplated previously by every human generation.  The above image, pointing just east of north, was taken two weeks ago at 3 am from Fort Valley, only 10 kilometers from central Flagstaff.  Visible in the above spectacular panorama are the San Francisco Peaks caped by a lenticular cloud.  Far in the distance, the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy arcs diagonally from the lower left to the upper right, highlighted by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Cepheus, and Cygnus.   On the far right, the North America Nebula is visible just under the very bright star Deneb.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/flagstaffsky_usno_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Protected Night Sky Over Flagstaff', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0804/flagstaffsky_usno.jpg', 'Dan & Cindy Duriscoe, \nFDSC, \nLowell Obs., \nUSNO', 'Uranus'),
(10, '2014-02-26', 'Sometimes the more you look at an image, the more you see. Such may be the case for this beautiful nighttime panorama taken last week in New Zealand. Visible right off, on the far left, are common clouds, slightly altered by the digital fusion of combining 11 separate 20-second exposures. More striking, perhaps, is the broad pink aurora that dominates the right part of the image, a less common auroral color that is likely tinted by excited oxygen atoms high in Earth\'s atmosphere.  Keep looking and you might notice a bright light just beyond the mountain on the left. That is the rising Moon -- and an even closer look will reveal faint crepuscular rays emanating from it. Musing over the image center may cause you to notice the central band of the Milky Way Galaxy which here appears to divide, almost vertically, the left clouds from the right aurora. Inspecting the upper right of the image reveals a fuzzy patch, high in the sky, that is the Small Magellanic Cloud.  Numerous stars discretely populate the distant background. Back on Earth, the image foreground features two domes of the Mt. John University Observatory and a camera tripod looking to capture much of this scene over a serene Lake Tekapo.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Aurora over New Zealand', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1402/auroraNZ_weir_1820.jpg', 'David Weir \n(Earth and Sky Ltd.)', 'Uranus'),
(11, '2006-09-25', 'Wouldn\'t it be fun if clouds were turtles?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if the laundry on the bedroom chair was a friendly  monster?  Wouldn\'t it be fun if rock mesas on Mars were faces or interplanetary monuments?  Clouds, though, are small water droplets, floating on air.  Laundry is cotton, wool, or plastic, woven into garments.  Famous Martian rock mesas known by names like the Face on Mars appear quite natural when seen more clearly, as the above recently-released digital-perspective image shows.  Is reality boring?  Nobody knows how clouds make lightning.  Nobody knows the geological history of Mars.  Nobody knows why the laundry on the bedroom chair smells like root beer.   Understanding reality brings more questions.  Mystery and adventure are never far behind.  Perhaps fun and  discovery are  just beginning.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Mars Express Close-Up of the Face on Mars', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0609/face2_marsexpress.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(12, '1996-08-31', 'Johannes Kepler used simple mathematics to describe how planets move. Kepler was an assistant to the most accurate astronomical observer of the time, Tycho Brahe.  Kepler was able to use Brahe\'s data to show that planets move in ellipses around the Sun (Kepler\'s First Law), that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are nearer the Sun (Kepler\'s Second Law), and that more distant planets take proportionally longer to orbit the Sun (Kepler\'s Third Law). Kepler lived from 1571 to 1630, during the time of discovery of the telescope. Kepler was one of the few vocal supporters of Galileo\'s discoveries and the Copernican system of planets orbiting the Sun instead of the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Kepler Discovers How Planets Move', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/kepler_hist.gif', '', 'Uranus'),
(13, '2013-07-15', 'What\'s going on in the center of this spiral galaxy? Named the Sombrero Galaxy for its hat-like resemblance, M104 features a prominent dust lane and a bright halo of stars and globular clusters. Reasons for the Sombrero\'s hat-like appearance include an unusually large and extended central bulge of stars, and dark prominent dust lanes that appear in a disk that we see nearly edge-on. Billions of old stars cause the diffuse glow of the extended central bulge visible in the above image from the 200-inch Hale Telescope.  Close inspection of the central bulge shows many points of light that are actually globular clusters. M104\'s spectacular dust rings harbor many younger and brighter stars, and show intricate details astronomers don\'t yet fully understand.  The very center of the Sombrero glows across the electromagnetic spectrum, and is thought to house a large black hole.  Fifty million-year-old light from the Sombrero Galaxy can be seen with a small telescope towards the constellation of Virgo.   Astrophysicists: Browse 600+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1307/m104_hale200_933.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Sombrero Galaxy from Hale', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1307/m104_hale200_960.jpg', 'Caltech/Palomar Observatory/Paul Gardner, \nSalvatore Grasso, and \nRyan Hannahoe', 'Uranus'),
(14, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The 60-inch Reflector', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Uranus'),
(15, '2009-11-30', 'This was just one more breathtaking view from the International Space Station.  The Sun, a crescent Earth, and the long arm of a solar panel were all visible outside a window when the Space Shuttle Atlantis visited the orbiting outpost last week. Reflections from the window and hexagonal lens flares from the camera are superposed. The space shuttle landed Friday after a successful 10 day mission to expand and resupply the ISS. Numbered STS-129, the space shuttle mission returned astronaut Nicole Stott to Earth from her stay on the ISS as a Flight Engineer in the Expedition 20 and 21 crews.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Bright Sun and Crescent Earth from the Space Station', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0911/sunearthpanel_sts129.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(16, '2024-07-07', 'Why are these clouds multi-colored?  A relatively rare phenomenon in clouds known as iridescence can bring up unusual colors vividly -- or even a whole spectrum of colors simultaneously. These polar stratospheric clouds also, known as nacreous and mother-of-pearl clouds,  are formed of small water droplets of nearly uniform size. When the Sun is in the right position and, typically, hidden from direct view, these thin clouds can be seen significantly diffracting sunlight in a nearly coherent manner, with different colors being deflected by different amounts. Therefore, different colors will come to the observer from slightly different directions. Many clouds start with uniform regions that could show iridescence but quickly become too thick, too mixed, or too angularly far from the Sun to exhibit striking colors. The featured image and an accompanying video were taken late in 2019 over Ostersund, Sweden.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2407/IridescentClouds_Strand_1500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Iridescent Clouds over Sweden', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2407/IridescentClouds_Strand_960.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(17, '2014-03-30', 'The strangest moon in the Solar System is bright yellow.  This picture, an attempt to show how Io would appear in the \"true colors\" perceptible to the average human eye, was taken in 1999 July by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003.  Io\'s colors derive from sulfur and molten silicate rock.  The unusual surface of Io is kept very young by its system of active volcanoes.  The intense tidal gravity of Jupiter stretches Io and damps wobbles caused by Jupiter\'s other Galilean moons.  The resulting friction greatly heats Io\'s interior, causing  molten rock to explode through the surface.  Io\'s volcanoes are so active that they are effectively turning the whole moon inside out.  Some of Io\'s volcanic lava is so hot it  glows in the dark.    Follow APOD on: Facebook,  Google Plus, or Twitter', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_2796.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Io in True Color', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1403/iotruecolor_galileo_960.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(18, '2024-10-15', 'How bright and strange will the tails of Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS become? The comet has brightened dramatically over the few weeks as it passed its closest to the Sun and, just three days ago, passed its closest to the Earth. C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS) became of the brightest comets of the past century over the past few days, but was unfortunately hard to see because it was so nearly superposed on the Sun.  As the comet appears to move away from the Sun, it is becoming a remarkable sight -- but may soon begin to fade.  The featured animated video shows how the comet\'s tails have developed, as viewed from Earth, and gives one prediction about how they might further develop. As shown in the video, heavier parts of the  dust tail that trails the comet have begun to appear to point in nearly the opposite direction from lighter parts of the dust tail as well as the comet\'s  ion tail, the blue tail that is pushed directly out from the Sun by the solar wind.   Growing Gallery: Comet Tsuchinsan-ATLAS in 2024', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Animation: Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS Tails Prediction', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/dY6poe072_c?rel=0', 'Nico Lefaudeux', 'Uranus'),
(19, '2002-02-19', 'Does water exist today on Mars?  Yes, although the only place on Mars known to have water is the North Polar Cap, and that water is frozen.  Views of this potentially life-enabling water-ice are usually obscured -- in the winter by darkness and in the summer by clouds.  Last April, however, the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was able to get a good glimpse of the water-bearing cap just before Martian spring.  Low, dark layers in the above image are thought to contain a large amount of sand, while high, light layers likely contain higher amounts of water-ice.  The image spans an area about 5 kilometers across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Water-Ice Imaged in Martian Polar Cap', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0202/marswater_mgs.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(20, '2009-07-29', 'Was Devils Tower once an explosive volcano? Famous for its appearance in films such as Close Encounters, the origin of Devil\'s Tower in Wyoming, USA is still debated, with a leading hypothesis holding that it is a hardened lava plume that probably never reached the surface to become a volcano.  The lighter rock that once surrounded the dense volcanic neck has now eroded away, leaving the dramatic tower. High above, the central band of the Milky Way galaxy arches across the sky. Many notable sky objects are visible, including dark strands of the Pipe Nebula and the reddish Lagoon Nebula to the tower\'s right. Green grass and trees line the moonlit foreground, while clouds appear near the horizon to the tower\'s left. Unlike many other international landmarks, mountaineers are permitted to climb Devils Tower.    Note: An APOD editor will review great space images this Saturday night at Ft. Wilkins, Michigan.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0907/devilstower_pacholka_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Milky Way Over Devils Tower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0907/devilstower_pacholka.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Uranus'),
(21, '2013-12-12', 'Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka, are the bright bluish stars from east to west (lower right to upper left) along the diagonal in this gorgeous cosmic vista. Otherwise known as the Belt of Orion, these three blue supergiant stars are hotter and much more massive than the Sun. They lie about 1,500 light-years away, born of Orion\'s well-studied interstellar clouds. In fact, clouds of gas and dust adrift in this region have intriguing and some surprisingly familiar shapes, including the dark Horsehead Nebula and Flame Nebula near Alnitak at the lower right. The famous Orion Nebula itself is off the right edge of this colorful star field. The well-framed, wide-field telescopic image spans about 4 degrees on the sky.  Watch: The Geminid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1312/mb_2013-11-30_OrionsBelt.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Alnitak, Alnilam, Mintaka', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1312/mb_2013-11-30_OrionsBelt900.jpg', 'Rogelio Bernal\nAndreo', 'Uranus'),
(22, '2000-06-09', 'This stunning image from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory is centered on the Vela pulsar -- the collapsed stellar core within the Vela supernova remnant some 800 light-years distant. The Vela pulsar is a neutron star. More massive than the Sun, it has the density of an atomic nucleus. About 12 miles in diameter it spins 10 times a second as it hurtles through the supernova debris cloud. The pulsar\'s electric and magnetic fields accelerate particles to nearly the speed of light, powering the compact x-ray emission nebula revealed in the Chandra picture. The cosmic crossbow shape is over 0.2 light-years across, composed of an arrow-like jet emanating from the polar region of the neutron star and bow-like inner and outer arcs believed to be the edges of tilted rings of x-ray emitting high energy particles. Impressively, the swept back compact nebula indicates the neutron star is moving up and to the right in this picture, exactly along the direction of the x-ray jet. The Vela pulsar (and associated supernova remnant) was created by a massive star which exploded over 10,000 years ago. Its awesome x-ray rings and jet are reminiscent of another well-known pulsar powered system, the Crab Nebula.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0006/velapulsar_cxo_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Vela Pulsar: Neutron Star-Ring-Jet', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0006/velapulsar_cxo.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(23, '1996-06-18', 'In the lower left corner, dressed in blue, is the Pleiades.  Also known as the Seven Sisters and M45, the Pleiades is one of the brightest and most easily visible open clusters on the sky. The Pleiades contains over 3000 stars, is about 400 light years away, and only 13 light years across. Surrounding the stars is a spectacular blue reflection nebula made of fine dust.  A common legend is that one of the brighter stars faded since the cluster was named. In the upper right corner, dressed in red, the California Nebula.  Named for its shape, the California Nebula is much dimmer and hence harder to see than the Pleiades. Also known as NGC 1499, this mass of red glowing hydrogen gas is about 1500 light years away.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/pleiadesCal_dd_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Seven Sisters Versus California', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/pleiadesCal_dd.gif', 'Dominique\nDierick and Dirk De la Marche', 'Uranus'),
(24, '2005-05-17', 'Scroll right to see a breathtaking panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout.  The lookout occurs near the peak of Husband Hill in the Columbia Hills.  The summit of Husband Hill is visible 200 meters in the distance toward the center of the 360-degree near-true-color picture.  The robot rover Spirit took images that compose the above mosaic over four Martian days.  After taking the image sequence, Spirit carefully picked its way to toward Husband Hill\'s summit.  On the far right, near distant rover tracks, is a recently investigated area dubbed Paso Robles that was found to contain high amounts of sulfur.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Panorama of Mars from Larry\'s Lookout', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/larryslookout_spirit.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(25, '2015-10-17', 'One of the brightest galaxies in planet Earth\'s sky is similar in size to our Milky Way Galaxy: big, beautiful M81. The grand spiral galaxy can be found toward the northern constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major). This superbly detailed image reveals M81\'s bright yellow nucleus, blue spiral arms, tell tale pinkish star forming regions, and sweeping cosmic dust lanes with a scale comparable to the Milky Way. Hinting at a disorderly past, a remarkable dust lane actually runs straight through the disk, to the left of the galactic center, contrary to M81\'s other prominent spiral features. The errant dust lane may be the lingering result of a close encounter between between M81 and its smaller companion galaxy, M82. Scrutiny of variable stars in M81 has yielded one of the best determined distances for an external galaxy -- 11.8 million light-years. M81\'s dwarf companion galaxy Holmberg IX can be seen just above the large spiral.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford2048_fh.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Bright Spiral Galaxy M81', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1510/M81crawford1024_fh.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Uranus'),
(26, '2011-08-02', 'Why is the northern half of asteroid Vesta more heavily cratered than the south? No one is yet sure.  This unexpected mystery has come to light only in the past few weeks since the robotic Dawn mission became the first spacecraft to orbit the second largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The northern half of Vesta, seen on the upper left of the above image, appears to show some of the densest cratering in the Solar System, while the southern half is unexpectedly smooth.  Also unknown is the origin of grooves that circle the asteroid nears its equator, particularly visible on this Vesta rotation movie, and the nature of dark streaks that delineate some of Vesta\'s craters, for example the crater just above the the image center. As Dawn spirals in toward Vesta over the coming months, some answers may emerge, as well as higher resolution and color images. Studying 500-km diameter Vesta is yielding clues about its history and the early years of our Solar System.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_1024.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Asteroid Vesta Full Frame', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1108/vesta2_dawn_900.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(27, '2012-07-05', 'Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices. This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy\'s bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes that lace NGC 4565\'s thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper left. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years distant and spans some 100,000 light-years.  Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent celestial masterpiece Messier missed.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1207/NGC4565crawford900.jpg', 'Ken Crawford', 'Uranus'),
(28, '2012-10-22', 'Was that the space shuttle that just went by? Garnering attention that could make even a movie star blush, thousands of people watched in awe as a quintessential icon of the space age was towed through the streets of Los Angeles. After landing at LAX airport late last month, the shuttle Endeavour was carefully loaded onto rolling trailers and maneuvered down roads and across bridges to the California Science Center, 20 kilometers away. To many, there was a majesty to the voyage that was beyond description, inspiring people to line the LA streets and wait at windows and balconies to witness and photograph this once-in-a-lifetime event.  Narrowly avoiding some buildings and trees, the retired shuttle made it safely to its new home and will soon be ready for permanent display. Although the journey took place over three days, it has been shortened in the above artistic time-lapse video to about three minutes.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Space Shuttle on the Streets of Los Angeles', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/JdqZyACCYZc?rel=0', 'Bryan Chan,\nLos Angeles Times;\n Music:  Keeper of the Wind\n(Eleni Hassabis,\nFirstcom)', 'Uranus'),
(29, '2024-02-26', 'What if there were two moons in the sky -- and they eclipsed each other? This happens on Mars. The featured video shows a version of this unusual eclipse from space. Pictured are the two moons of Mars: the larger Phobos, which orbits closer to the red planet, and the smaller Deimos, which orbits further out. The sequence was captured last year by the ESA’s Mars Express, a robotic spacecraft that itself orbits Mars. A similar eclipse is visible from the Martian surface, although very rarely.  From the surface, though, the closer moon Phobos would appear to pass in front of farther moon Deimos. Most oddly, Phobos orbits Mars so close that it appears to move backwards when compared to Earth\'s Moon from Earth, rising in west and setting in the east. Phobos, the closer moon, orbits so close and so fast that it passes nearly overhead about three times a day.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Martian Moon Eclipses Martian Moon', 'https://youtube.com/embed/hwQTH0IGrwE?rel=0', '', 'Uranus'),
(30, '2020-08-07', 'st of Antares, dark markings sprawl through crowded star fields toward the center of our Milky Way Galaxy. Cataloged in the early 20th century by astronomer E. E. Barnard, the obscuring interstellar dust clouds include B59, B72, B77 and B78, seen in against the starry background. Here, their combined shape suggests a pipe stem and bowl, and so the dark nebula\'s popular name is the Pipe Nebula. The deep and expansive view covers a full 10 by 10 degree field in the pronounceable constellation Ophiuchus. The Pipe Nebula is part of the Ophiuchus dark cloud complex located at a distance of about 450 light-years. Dense cores of gas and dust within the Pipe Nebula are collapsing to form stars.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/pipenebula_rc3.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Pipe Nebula', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2008/pipenebula_rc3_1024.jpg', 'Jose Mtanous', 'Uranus'),
(31, '2023-02-11', 'The two prominent clouds in this Chilean Atacama Desert skyscape captured on January 21 actually lie beyond our Milky Way galaxy.  Known as the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds they are so named for the 16th century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. Famous jewels of southern hemisphere skies, they are the brightest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The larger cloud is some 160,000 light-years, and the smaller 210,000 light-years distant. While both are irregular dwarf galaxies in their own right, they exhibit central barred structures in the deep wide-angle view. Wide and deep exposures also reveal faint dusty galactic cirrus nebulae and the imprints of gravitational tidal interactions between the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Magellanic Clouds over Chile', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2302/magellanic1200.jpg', 'Felipe Mac Auliffe López', 'Uranus'),
(32, '2025-01-24', 'Comet C/2024 G3 ATLAS has made a dramatic appearance in planet Earth\'s skies. A visitor from the distant Oort Cloud, the comet reached its perihelion on January 13. On January 19, the bright comet was captured here from ESO Paranal Observatory in the Atacama desert in Chile. Sporting spectacular sweeping dust tails, this comet ATLAS is setting in the southern hemisphere twilight and was clearly visible to the unaided eye. In the foreground is the closed shell of one of the observatory\'s famous auxiliary telescopes. Still wowing southern hemisphere observers, the comet\'s bright coma has become diffuse, its icy nucleus apparently disintegrating following its close approach to the Sun.   Growing Gallery: Comet ATLAS (G3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Comet G3 ATLAS: a Tail and a Telescope', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/C2024G3_ATLAS_ESO_Beletsky.jpg', 'Yuri Beletsky', 'Uranus'),
(33, '1999-05-13', 'Dwarfed by Olympus Mons and the other immense shield volcanos on Mars, Apollinaris Patera rises only 3 miles or so into the thin martian atmosphere, but bright water-ice clouds can be still be seen hovering around its summit. Mars\' volcanic structures known as \"paterae\" are not only smaller than its shield volcanos but older as well, with ages estimated to be around 3 billion years. Like Apollinaris Patera, narrow furrows typically extend from their central craters or calderas. It is thought that the paterae represent broad piles of easily eroded volcanic ash. This wide angle view of Apollinaris Patera was recorded last month by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. The large central crater is about 50 miles across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9905/apollinaris_mgs.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(34, '2002-01-03', 'The Hubble Space Telescope\'s 1995 image of pillars of dust and gas, light-years long, within the Eagle Nebula (M16) was sensational. The three prominent pillars in that close-up visible light picture also appear below center in this wide-field mosaic along with massive, bright, young stars of cluster NGC 6611 (upper right), whose winds and radiation are shaping the dusty pillars. Made in near infrared light with the European Southern Observatory\'s 8.2-meter Antu telescope, this wide-field image makes the pillars seem more transparent, as the longer wavelengths partially penetrate the obscuring dust. While the Hubble image showed the pillars\' startling surface details - over 70 opaque, finger-shaped lumps of material dubbed evaporating gaseous globules or EGGs, the near infrared view has allowed astronomers to peer inside. Comparing the two views reveals that nearly a dozen of the EGGs do indeed have stars embedded near their tips. More stars within EGGs may be detected if longer wavelength observations of the region are made. But which came first, the stars or the EGGs?', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/m16w1_eso_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - M16: Stars, Pillars, and the Eagle\'s EGGs', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/m16w1_eso.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(35, '2017-02-22', 'What\'s happening to the rings of Saturn? Nothing much, just a little moon making waves. The moon is 8-kilometer Daphnis and it is making waves in the Keeler Gap of Saturn\'s rings using just its gravity -- as it bobs up and down, in and out.  The featured image is a wide-field version of a previously released image taken last month by the robotic Cassini spacecraft during one of its new Grand Finale orbits. Daphnis can be seen on the far right, sporting ridges likely accumulated from ring particles.  Daphnis was discovered in Cassini images in 2005 and raised mounds of ring particles so high in 2009 -- during Saturn\'s equinox when the ring plane pointed directly at the Sun -- that they cast notable shadows.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1920.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Daphnis and the Rings of Saturn', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/DaphnusRings_Cassini_1080.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(36, '2010-12-19', 'What\'s lighting up the Cigar Galaxy?  M82, as this irregular galaxy is also known, was stirred up by a recent pass near large spiral galaxy M81.  This doesn\'t fully explain the source of the red-glowing outwardly expanding gas, however.  Recent evidence indicates that this gas is being driven out by the combined emerging particle winds of many stars, together creating a galactic superwind..  The above photographic mosaic highlights a specific color of red light strongly emitted by ionized hydrogen gas, showing detailed filaments of this gas.  The filaments extend for over 10,000 light years. The 12-million light-year distant Cigar Galaxy is the brightest galaxy in the sky in infrared light, and can be seen in visible light with a small telescope towards the constellation of the Great Bear (Ursa Major).   Best Astronomy Images: APOD Editor to speak in Philadelphia on Jan 5 and New York City on Jan 7', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1012/m82_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - M82: Galaxy with a Supergalactic Wind', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1012/m82_hst.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(37, '2022-11-02', 'Watch for three things in this unusual eclipse video.  First, watch for a big dark circle to approach from the right to block out more and more of the Sun. This dark circle is the Moon, and the video was made primarily to capture this partial solar eclipse last week. Next, watch a large solar prominence hover and shimmer over the Sun\'s edge. A close look will show that part of it is actually falling back to the Sun. The prominence is made of hot plasma that is temporarily held aloft by the Sun\'s changing magnetic field. Finally, watch the Sun\'s edge waver. What is wavering is a dynamic carpet of hot gas tubes rising and falling through the Sun\'s chromosphere -- tubes known as spicules. The entire 4-second time-lapse video covers a time of about ten minutes, although the Sun itself is expected to last another 5 billion years.   Partial Solar Eclipse in October 2022: Notable Submissions to APOD', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Partial Eclipse of an Active Sun', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/7dh5VL5YGoA?rel=0', '', 'Uranus'),
(38, '2003-07-27', 'Our Milky Way Galaxy is not alone.  It is part of a gathering of about 50 galaxies known as the Local Group.  Members include the Great Andromeda Galaxy (M31), M32, M33, the Large Magellanic Cloud, the Small Magellanic Cloud, Dwingeloo 1, several small irregular galaxies, and many dwarf elliptical and dwarf spheroidal galaxies.  Pictured above is the Aquarius Dwarf, a faint dwarf irregular galaxy over 3 million light years away.  An earlier APOD erroneously identified the above image as the Sagittarius Dwarf.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0307/aqudwarf_not.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Aquarius Dwarf', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0307/aqudwarf_not_big.jpg', 'A. Oksanen, \n2.6 meter Nordic Optical Telescope', 'Uranus'),
(39, '2008-06-30', 'Clouds of glowing gas mingle with dust lanes in the Trifid Nebula, a star forming region toward the constellation of Sagittarius.  In the center, the three prominent dust lanes that give the Trifid its name all come together. Mountains of opaque dust appear on the right, while other dark filaments of dust are visible threaded throughout the nebula.  A single massive star visible near the center causes much of the Trifid\'s glow.  The Trifid, also known as M20, is only about 300,000 years old, making it among the youngest emission nebulae known.  The nebula lies about 9,000 light years away and the part pictured here spans about 10 light years.  This image was created with the 0.8-meter IAC80 telescope on the Canary Islands of Spain.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0806/trifidcenter_lopez_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - In the Center of the Trifid Nebula', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0806/trifidcenter_lopez.jpg', 'Daniel Lopez\n(Observatorio del\nTeide)', 'Uranus'),
(40, '2006-03-19', 'Our Solar System is a busy place.  Although the major planets get the most press, a swarm of rocks, comets, and asteroids also exist. The above plot shows the placement of known inner Solar System objects on 2002 July 20.  The light blue lines indicate the orbits of planets.  The green dots indicate asteroids, officially known as minor planets.  The red dots indicate asteroids that come within 1.3 Earth-Sun distances (AU) of the Sun and so pose an increased (although small) collision risk with the Earth.   Comets appear as dark blue squares, while dark blue points are Jupiter Trojans, asteroids that orbit just ahead of, or just behind Jupiter.  Note that most asteroids of the inner Solar System orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the main asteroid belt.  Every day this plot shifts with objects nearer the Sun typically shifting the most.  The current locations of these objects can be found here.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Our Busy Solar System', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0207/innersolsys_cfa.gif', 'MPC, \nCBAT, \nHarvard CfA, \nIAU', 'Uranus'),
(41, '2010-06-04', 'Active galaxy NGC 1275 is the central, dominant member of the large and relatively nearby Perseus Cluster of Galaxies. Wild-looking at visible wavelengths, the active galaxy is also a prodigious source of x-rays and radio emission. NGC 1275 accretes matter as entire galaxies fall into it, ultimately feeding a supermassive black hole at the galaxy\'s core. This color composite image, recreated from archival Hubble Space Telescope data, highlights the resulting galactic debris and filaments of glowing gas, some up to 20,000 light-years long. The filaments persist in NGC 1275, even though the turmoil of galactic collisions should destroy them.  What keeps the filaments together? Observations indicate that the structures, pushed out from the galaxy\'s center by the black hole\'s activity, are held together by magnetic fields. Also known as Perseus A, NGC 1275 spans over 100,000 light years and lies about 230 million light years away.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1006/n1275hst_kelly.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Hubble Remix: Active Galaxy NGC 1275', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1006/n1275hst_kelly900.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(42, '2004-02-27', 'Only a few short years ago, when the APOD editors were in graduate school, the pervasive, cosmic Dark Energy was not even seriously discussed. Of course, it now appears that this strange energy dominates the cosmos (as well as lectures on cosmology) and provides a repulsive force accelerating the large scale expansion of the Universe. In fact, recent brightness measurements of distant and therefore ancient, stellar explosions or supernovae indicate that the universal expansion began to speed up in earnest four to six billion years ago, when the Dark Energy\'s repulsive force began to overcome the attractive force of gravity over cosmic distances. The Hubble Space telescope images above show a sample of the distant supernova explosions, billions of light-years away, in before (top) and after (bottom) pictures of their faint host galaxies. Hubble measured supernovae also hint that the Dark Energy\'s repulsive force is constant over cosmic time and so could be consistent with Einstein\'s original theory of gravitation. If the force actually changes with time, the Universe could still end in a Big Crunch or a Big Rip ... but not for at least an estimated 30 billion years.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0402/hiZsn_hubble_label.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Rumors of a Strange Universe', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0402/hiZsn_hubble_c1.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(43, '2013-05-03', 'Combined image data from the massive, ground-based VISTA telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope was used to create this wide perspective of the interstellar landscape surrounding the famous Horsehead Nebula. Captured at near-infrared wavelengths, the region\'s dusty molecular cloud sprawls across the scene that covers an angle about two-thirds the size of the Full Moon on the sky. Left to right the frame spans just over 10 light-years at the Horsehead\'s estimated distance of 1,600 light-years. Also known as Barnard 33, the still recognizable Horsehead Nebula stands at the upper right, the near-infrared glow of a dusty pillar topped with newborn stars. Below and left, the bright reflection nebula NGC 2023 is itself the illuminated environs of a hot young star. Obscuring clouds below the base of the Horsehead and on the outskirts of NGC 2023 show the tell-tale far red emission of energetic jets, known as Herbig-Haro objects, also associated with newborn stars.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1305/HH-HST-ESO-gendler3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Horsehead: A Wider View', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1305/HH-HST-ESO-gendler810.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(44, '2019-09-05', 'The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphere skygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way\'s satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A.  The prominent patch below center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Large Cloud of Magellan', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1909/Magellano22detail22_1980enan11curves11_s1024.jpg', 'Alessandro\nCipolat Bares', 'Uranus');
INSERT INTO `URANUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(45, '1998-08-15', 'Here is one of the largest objects that anyone will ever see on the sky. Each of the fuzzy blobs in the above picture is a galaxy, together making up the Perseus Cluster, one of the closest clusters of galaxies. We view the cluster through the foreground of faint stars in our own Milky Way Galaxy. It takes light roughly 300 million years to get here from this region of the Universe, so we see this cluster as it existed before the age of the dinosaurs. Also known as Abell 426, the center of the Perseus Cluster is a prodigious source of X-ray radiation, and so helps astronomers explore how clusters formed and how gas and dark matter interact. The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies is part of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster of galaxies, which spans over 15 degrees and contains over 1000 galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/perseus_pss.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Perseus Cluster of Galaxies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/perseus_pss.gif', 'Digitized Sky Survey', 'Uranus'),
(46, '2024-05-17', 'This well-composed composite panoramic view looks due south from Banks Peninsula near Christchurch on New Zealand\'s South Island. The base of a tower-like rocky sea stack is awash in the foreground, with stars of the Southern Cross at the top of the frame and planet Earth\'s south celestial pole near center. Still, captured on May 11, vibrant aurora australis dominate the starry southern sea and skyscape. The shimmering southern lights were part of extensive auroral displays that entertained skywatchers in northern and southern hemispheres around planet Earth, caused by intense geomagnetic storms. The extreme spaceweather was triggered by the impact of coronal mass ejections launched from powerful solar active region AR 3664.   AuroraSaurus: Report your aurora observations', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Aurora Banks Peninsula', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2405/DSC_6363Panorama-2_600.jpg', 'Kavan Chay', 'Uranus'),
(47, '2002-01-19', 'Galaxies are made up of stars, but are all stars found within galaxies? Using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers exploring the Virgo Cluster of galaxies have found about 600 red giant stars adrift in intergalactic space. Above is an artist\'s vision of the sky from a hypothetical planet of such a lonely sun. The night sky on a world orbiting an intergalactic star would be a stark contrast to Earth\'s - which features a spectacle of stars, all members of our own Milky Way Galaxy. As suggested by the illustration, a setting red sun would leave behind a dark sky flecked only with faint, fuzzy, apparitions of Virgo Cluster galaxies. Possibly ejected from their home galaxies during galaxy-galaxy collisions, these isolated suns may well represent part of a large, previously unseen stellar population, filling the space between Virgo Cluster galaxies.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Stars Without Galaxies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/vcstars_illust.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(48, '2023-06-13', 'Jupiter\'s moons circle Jupiter. The featured video depicts Europa and Io, two of Jupiter\'s largest moons, crossing in front of the grand planet\'s Great Red Spot, the largest known storm system in our Solar System. The video was composed from images taken by the robotic Cassini spacecraft as it passed Jupiter in 2000, on its way to Saturn. The two moons visible are volcanic Io, in the distance, and icy Europa.  In the time-lapse video, Europa appears to overtake Io, which is odd because Io is closer to Jupiter and moves faster. The explanation is that the motion of the fast Cassini spacecraft changes the camera location significantly during imaging.  Jupiter is currently being visited by NASA\'s robotic Juno spacecraft, while ESA\'s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), launched in April, is enroute.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Moons Across Jupiter', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/YEXuGgRCyS0?rel=0', '', 'Uranus'),
(49, '2017-09-08', 'There were no crowds on the beach at Phillips Lake, Oregon on August 21. But a few had come there to stand, for a moment, in the dark shadow of the Moon. From the beach, this unscripted mosaic photo records their much anticipated solar eclipse. In two vertical panels it catches the last few seconds of totality and the first instant of 3rd contact, just as the eclipse ends and sunlight faintly returns. Across the US those gathered along the path of totality also took pictures and shared their moment. And like those at Phillips Lake they may treasure the experience more than any planned or unplanned photograph of the total eclipse of the Sun.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1709/GirlByTheLakeTSE2017_RBA2.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Great Gig in the Sky', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1709/GirlByTheLakeTSE2017_RBA1.jpg', 'Rogelio Bernal\nAndreo', 'Uranus'),
(50, '2007-09-16', 'At about 100 meters from the cargo bay of the space shuttle Challenger, Bruce McCandless II was further out than anyone had ever been before.  Guided by a Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), astronaut McCandless, pictured above, was floating free in space. McCandless and fellow NASA astronaut Robert Stewart were the first to experience such an \"untethered space walk\" during Space Shuttle mission  41-B in 1984.  The MMU works by shooting jets of nitrogen and has since been used to help deploy and retrieve satellites.  With a mass over 140 kilograms, an MMU is heavy on Earth, but, like everything, is weightless when drifting in orbit. The MMU was replaced with the SAFER backpack propulsion unit.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - To Fly Free in Space', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0709/freeflyer_nasa.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(51, '1999-11-13', 'Star trails streak this composite time exposure of Comet Tempel-Tuttle recorded by T. Puckett on January 26, 1998. Then passing through the inner solar system on its 33 year orbit around the Sun, Tempel-Tuttle brightened unexpectedly, but binoculars or small telescopes were still required to visually observe it. Tempel-Tuttle is also called \"the Leonid Comet\" as the yearly Leonid meteor shower results when the Earth crosses this comet\'s orbital plane and encounters cometary dust. So, while not rivaling spectacular naked-eye comets like Hyakutake or Hale-Bopp, Tempel-Tuttle still puts on a show. When the Earth plunges through Tempel-Tuttle\'s debris tail in November of this year, many sky-watchers are anticipating an extremely active meteor shower to result, perhaps even a meteor storm!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Tempel-Tuttle: The Leonid Comet', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9801/temptut_puckett_big.jpg', 'T. Puckett\n(Puckett Observatory)', 'Uranus'),
(52, '2014-07-27', 'The clouds surrounding the star system Rho Ophiuchi compose one of the closest star forming regions.  Rho Ophiuchi itself is a binary star system visible in the light-colored region on the image right. The star system, located only 400 light years away, is distinguished by its colorful surroundings, which include a red emission nebula and numerous light and dark brown dust lanes. Near the upper right of the Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud system is the yellow star Antares, while a distant but coincidently-superposed globular cluster of stars, M4, is visible between Antares and the red emission nebula. Near the image bottom lies IC 4592, the Blue Horsehead nebula.  The blue glow that surrounds the Blue Horsehead\'s eye -- and other stars around the image -- is a reflection nebula composed of fine dust. On the above image left is a geometrically angled reflection nebula cataloged as Sharpless 1.  Here, the bright star near the dust vortex creates the light of surrounding reflection nebula. Although most of these features are visible through a small telescope pointed toward the constellations of Ophiuchus, Scorpius, and Sagittarius, the only way to see the intricate details of the dust swirls, as featured above, is to use a long exposure camera.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1407/RhoOphWide_andreo_2048.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Rho Ophiuchi Wide Field', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1407/RhoOphWide_andreo_960.jpg', 'Rogelio Bernal Andreo', 'Uranus'),
(53, '1997-01-25', 'The Whirlpool Galaxy is a classic spiral galaxy.\r At only 15 million light years distant, M51,\r also cataloged as NGC 5194,\r is one of the brighter and more picturesque galaxies\r on the sky. The smaller galaxy appearing here above and to the\r right is also well behind M51,\r as can be inferred by the dust in M51\'s\r spiral arm blocking light from this smaller galaxy. Astronomers\r speculate that M51\'s spiral structure\r is primarily due to it\'s gravitational interaction with this smaller\r galaxy.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/m51_hall.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy\r\nCredit:', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/m51_hall.gif', '', 'Uranus'),
(54, '2020-10-14', 'The many spectacular colors of the Rho Ophiuchi (oh\'-fee-yu-kee) clouds highlight the many processes that occur there.  The blue regions shine primarily by reflected light.  Blue light from the  Rho Ophiuchi star system and nearby stars reflects more efficiently off this portion of the nebula than red light.  The Earth\'s daytime sky appears blue for the same reason.  The red and yellow regions shine primarily because of emission from the nebula\'s atomic and molecular gas.  Light from nearby blue stars - more energetic than the bright star  Antares - knocks electrons away from the gas, which then shines when the electrons recombine with the gas.  The dark brown regions are caused by dust grains - born in young stellar atmospheres - which effectively block light emitted behind them.  The Rho Ophiuchi star clouds, well in front of the globular cluster M4 visible here on the upper right, are even more colorful than humans can see - the clouds emits light in every wavelength band from the radio to the gamma-ray.   Astrophysicists: Browse 2,200+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Colorful Clouds of Rho Ophiuchi', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2010/RhoAntares_Abolfath_1080.jpg', 'Amir H. Abolfath', 'Uranus'),
(55, '2007-11-14', 'Yes, but can your meteor do this?  The most powerful natural explosion in recent Earth history occurred on 1908 June 30 when a meteor exploded above the Tunguska River in Siberia, Russia.  Detonating with an estimated power 1,000 times greater than the atomic bomb dropped over Hiroshima, the Tunguska event leveled trees over 40 kilometers away and shook the ground in a tremendous earthquake.  Eyewitness reports are astounding.  The above picture was taken by a Russian expedition to the Tunguska site almost 20 years after the event, finding trees littering the ground like toothpicks. Estimates of the meteor\'s size range from 60 meters to over 1000 meters in diameter.  Recent evidence suggests that nearby Lake Cheko may even have been created by the impact. Although a meteor the size of the Tunguska can level a city, metropolitan areas take up such a small fraction of the Earth\'s surface that a direct impact on one is relatively unlikely.  More likely is an impact in the water near a city that creates a dangerous tsunami.  One focus of modern astronomy is to find Solar System objects capable of creating such devastation well before they impact the Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Tunguska: The Largest Recent Impact Event', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0711/tunguska_kulik.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(56, '2019-07-17', 'It had never been done before. But with the words \"You\'re Go for landing\", 50 years ago this Saturday, Apollo 11 astronauts Aldrin and Armstrong were cleared to make the first try. The next few minutes would contain more than a bit of drama, as an unexpected boulder field and an unacceptably sloping crater loomed below.  With fuel dwindling, Armstrong coolly rocketed the lander above the lunar surface as he looked for a clear and flat place to land.  With only seconds of fuel remaining, and with the help of Aldrin and mission control calling out data, Armstrong finally found a safe spot -- and put the Eagle down.  Many people on Earth listening to the live audio felt great relief on hearing \"The Eagle has landed\", and great pride knowing that for the first time ever, human beings were on the Moon. Combined in the featured descent video are two audio feeds, a video feed similar to what the astronauts saw, captions of the dialog, and data including the tilt of the Eagle lander. The video concludes with the panorama of the lunar landscape visible outside the Eagle. A few hours later, hundreds of millions of people across planet Earth, drawn together as a single species, watched fellow humans walk on the Moon.   NASA Remembers: Apollo 50th: Next Giant Leap', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Apollo 11: Descent to the Moon', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/xc1SzgGhMKc?start=850', '', 'Uranus'),
(57, '2018-11-21', 'What creates the colors in Jupiter\'s clouds? No one is sure.  The thick atmosphere of Jupiter is mostly hydrogen and helium, elements which are colorless at the low temperatures of the Jovian cloud tops. Which trace elements provide the colors remains a topic of research, although small amounts of ammonium hydrosulfide are one leading candidate.  What is clear from the featured color-enhanced image -- and many similar images -- is that lighter clouds are typically higher up than darker ones. Pictured, light clouds swirl around reddish regions toward the lower right, while they appear to cover over some darker domains on the upper right. The featured image was taken by the robotic Juno spacecraft during its 14th low pass over Jupiter earlier this year.  Juno continues in its looping elliptical orbit, swooping near the huge planet every 53 days and exploring a slightly different sector each time around.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_3709.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Swirls and Colors on Jupiter from Juno', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1811/JupiterSwirls_JunoBrealey_960.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(58, '1998-05-16', 'This image of the relatively quiet Sun was made using ultraviolet light emitted by ionized Helium atoms in the Solar chromosphere. Helium was first discovered in the Sun in 1868, its name fittingly derived from from the Greek word Helios, meaning Sun. Credit for the discovery goes to astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer (born May 17, 1836). Lockyer relied on a then recently developed technique of spectroscopy, dissecting sunlight into a spectrum, and the idea that each element produces a characteristic spectral pattern of bright lines. He noticed a yellow line in a solar spectrum made during an eclipse which could not be accounted for by elements known on Earth. Almost 27 years later terrestrial Helium was finally discovered when the spectrum of a Helium bearing mineral of Uranium provided an exact match to the previously detected element of the Sun. Helium is now known to be the second most abundant element (after Hydrogen) in the Universe.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Helios Helium', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/hesun_eit.gif', '', 'Uranus'),
(59, '2015-05-22', 'In the dusty sky toward the constellation Taurus and the Orion Arm of our Milky Way Galaxy, this broad mosaic follows dark and faint reflection nebulae along the region\'s fertile molecular cloud. The six degree wide field of view starts with long dark nebula LDN 1495 stretching from the lower left, and extends beyond the (upside down) bird-like visage of the Baby Eagle Nebula, LBN 777, at lower right. Small bluish reflection nebulae surround scattered fainter Taurus stars, sights often skipped over in favor of the constellation\'s better known, brighter celestial spectacles. Associated with the young, variable star RY Tau, the yellowish nebula VdB 27 is toward the upper left. Only 400 light-years or so distant, the Taurus molecular cloud is one of the closest regions of low-mass star formation. At that distance this dark vista would span over 40 light-years.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1505/vdb27-Pnl1-2-LBN777-Rosen2048x.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Dark and Dusty Sky', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1505/vdb27-Pnl1-2-LBN777-Rosen1078x.jpg', 'Scott Rosen', 'Uranus'),
(60, '2017-11-17', 'The sky glows with soft pinkish colors of fading twilight in this serendipitous mountaintop vista.  Taken in subfreezing temperatures, the thoughtfully composed photo shows snowy, rugged peaks seen from a mountain pass on November 14. Below lies the village of La Villa, Alta Badia in Italy\'s Dolomite Alps. Above the nestled village lights, the constellation Ursa Major hangs over the northern horizon. But most stunning is the intense fireball meteor. It was captured during the camera\'s exposure by chance as it flashed east to west across the northern horizon, under Ursa Major\'s familiar Big Dipper asterism. In fact, sightings of this major fireball meteor were widely reported in European skies, the most reported fireball event ever for planet Earth\'s American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization. The meteor\'s measured track over Germany is consistent with its origin near the active radiant of November\'s Taurid Meteor Shower. Taurid meteors are associated with dust from Encke\'s comet.  Watch: Leonid Meteor Shower', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Major Fireball Meteor', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1711/meteor2017event4299_Taylor.jpg', 'Ollie Taylor', 'Uranus'),
(61, '2004-04-13', 'Why would a cloud appear to be different colors?  A relatively rare phenomenon known as iridescent clouds can show unusual colors vividly or a whole spectrum of colors simultaneously.  These clouds are formed of small water droplets of nearly uniform size.  When the Sun is in the right position and mostly hidden by thick clouds,  these thinner clouds significantly diffract sunlight in a nearly coherent manner, with different colors being deflected by different amounts.  Therefore, different colors will come to the observer from slightly different directions.  Many clouds start with uniform regions that could show iridescence but quickly become too thick, too mixed, or too far from the Sun to exhibit striking colors. Pictured above, an iridescent cloud was photographed near Cannes,  France last month.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0404/iridescence_koch_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - An Iridescent Cloud Over France', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0404/iridescence_koch.jpg', 'Michael Koch', 'Uranus'),
(62, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Uranus'),
(63, '2008-11-02', 'Imagine a pipe as wide as a state and as long as half the Earth.  Now imagine that this pipe is filled with hot gas moving 50,000 kilometers per hour.  Further imagine that this pipe is not made of metal but a transparent magnetic field.  You are envisioning just one of thousands of young spicules on the active Sun.  Pictured above is perhaps the highest resolution image yet of these enigmatic solar flux tubes.  Spicules dot the above frame of solar active region 10380 that crossed the Sun in 2004 June, but are particularly evident as a carpet of dark tubes on the right.  Time-sequenced images have recently shown that spicules last about five minutes, starting out as tall tubes of rapidly rising gas but eventually fading as the gas peaks and falls back down to the Sun.  These images also indicate that the ultimate cause of spicules is sound-like waves that flow over the Sun\'s surface but leak into the Sun\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Spicules: Jets on the Sun', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0811/spicules_sst.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(64, '2004-11-03', 'During last week\'s lunar eclipse, our Moon appeared to disappear.  As the Earth moved between the Moon and the Sun, the Earth\'s shadow fell on the moon, making it quite dark.  In the above picture the Earth\'s rotation, multiple exposures, and digital enhancements are used to create a time-lapse effect that dramatizes how the Moon looked as it faded out and re-appeared during the three hour lunar eclipse.  As the Earth\'s shadow engulfed the Moon, the lunar images became less and less bright, practically disappearing during totality.  At this time, the Moon, which normally shines by reflecting direct sunlight, shone only by sunlight refracted through the Earth\'s atmosphere.  The next total lunar eclipse won\'t be visible from Earth until 2007.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Time-Lapse Lunar Eclipse', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0411/eclipselapse_egan.jpg', 'Forrest J. Egan\n(Digital Astro)', 'Uranus'),
(65, '2013-03-18', 'Have you seen the comet? As Comet PANSTARRS fades, careful observers -- even with unaided eyes -- should still be able to find the shedding ice ball on the western horizon just after sunset. Pictured above, Comet PANSTARRS (C/2011 L4) was pointed out from a hilltop last week on First Encounter Beach in Massachusetts, USA. The comet was discovered by -- and is named for -- the Pan-STARRS astronomical sky survey that discovered it. As the comet now recedes from both the Earth and the Sun, it will remain visible further into the night, although binoculars or a small telescope will soon to be needed to find it.   Growing Gallery: Comet PanSTARRS at Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_1100.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Comet PANSTARRS Just After Sunset', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1303/panstarrs_cook_960.jpg', 'Chris Cook', 'Uranus'),
(66, '2017-02-16', 'Framing a bright emission region, this telescopic view looks out along the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy toward the nebula rich constellation Cygnus the Swan. Popularly called the Tulip Nebula, the reddish glowing cloud of interstellar gas and dust is also found in the 1959 catalog by astronomer Stewart Sharpless as Sh2-101. About 8,000 light-years distant and 70 light-years across the complex and beautiful nebula blossoms at the center of this composite image. Ultraviolet radiation from young energetic stars at the edge of the Cygnus OB3 association, including O star HDE 227018, ionizes the atoms and powers the emission from the Tulip Nebula. HDE 227018 is the bright star near the center of the nebula. Also framed in the field of view is microquasar Cygnus X-1, one of the strongest X-ray sources in planet Earth\'s sky. Driven by powerful jets from a black hole accretion disk, its fainter visible curved shock front lies above and right, just beyond the cosmic Tulip\'s petals', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Tulip and Cygnus X-1', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1702/CygX1_HaOIIIRGB_eder_web1024.jpg', 'Ivan Eder', 'Uranus'),
(67, '2013-07-24', 'ch panel shows one day. With 360 movie panels, the sky over (almost) an entire year is shown in time lapse format as recorded by a video camera on the roof of the Exploratorium museum in San Francisco, California. The camera recorded an image every 10 seconds from before sunrise to after sunset and from mid-2009 to mid-2010.  A time stamp showing the local time of day is provided on the lower right. The videos are arranged chronologically, with July 28 shown on the upper left, and January 1 located about about half way down.  Although every day lasts 24 hours, daylight lasts longest in the northern hemisphere in June and the surrounding summer months, a fact which can be seen here as the bottom (and soon top) videos are the first to light up with dawn. The initial darkness in the middle depicts the delayed dawn and fewer daylight hours of winter. In the videos, darkness indicates night, blue depicts clear day, while gray portrays pervasive daytime cloud cover. Many videos show complex patterns of clouds moving across the camera\'s wide field as that day progresses. As the videos collectively end, sunset and then darkness descend first on the winter days just above the middle, and last on the mid-summer near the bottom.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Year of Sky on Earth', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/32095756?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0', 'Ken Murphy  \n(MurphLab);\n Music  Ariel (Moby)', 'Uranus'),
(68, '2021-11-20', 'Predawn hours of November 19 found the Moon in partly cloudy skies over Cancun, Mexico. Captured in this telephoto snapshot, the lunar disk is not quite entirely immersed in Earth\'s dark umbral shadow during a long partial lunar eclipse. The partial eclipse was deep though, deep enough to show the dimmed but reddened light in Earth\'s shadow. That\'s a sight often anticipated by fans of total lunar eclipses. Wandering through the constellation Taurus, the eclipsed Moon\'s dimmer light also made it easier to spot the Pleiades star cluster. The stars of the Seven Sisters share this frame at the upper right, with the almost totally eclipsed Moon.   Notable APOD Submissions (so far): Lunar Eclipse of 2021 November 19', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1.png', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - An Almost Total Lunar Eclipse', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/IMG_8522-1_1024.jpg', 'Robert Fedez', 'Uranus'),
(69, '2025-02-11', 'Will the spider ever catch the fly? Not if both are large emission nebulas toward the constellation of the Charioteer (Auriga).  The spider-shaped gas cloud in the image center is actually an emission nebula labelled IC 417, while the smaller fly-shaped cloud on the left is dubbed  NGC 1931 and is both an emission nebula and a reflection nebula.  About 10,000 light-years distant, both nebulas harbor young star clusters. For scale, the more compact NGC 1931 (Fly) is about 10 light-years across. The featured deep image, captured over 20 hours during late January in Berkshire UK, also shows more diffuse and red-glowing interstellar gas and dust.   Explore Your Universe: Random APOD Generator', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2502/SpiderFly_Boddington_4788.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Spider and the Fly', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2502/SpiderFly_Boddington_1080.jpg', 'Dave Boddington', 'Uranus'),
(70, '1996-10-29', 'Io is a colorful place. The closest large\r moon of Jupiter,\r Io\r is the most volcanic moon in the Solar System\r with its surface being completely buried in volcanic lava\r every few thousand years. The black and red material corresponds\r to the most recent volcanic eruptions\r and is probably no more than a few years old. This image\r by the automated spacecraft Galileo\r highlights the side of Io that always\r faces away from Jupiter. In this image released last week,\r picture colors have been adjusted to enhance contrast, but are\r based on real composite infrared,\r green and violet-light images.\r', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Io Full Face\r\nCredit:', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/iofullface_gal.gif', '', 'Uranus'),
(71, '2003-10-30', 'Vivid auroral displays were triggered by a cloud of high energy particles and magnetic fields from the Sun that collided with planet Earth\'s magnetosphere yesterday, October 29, at about 06:30 Universal Time. The collision was anticipated, following an intense solar flare and coronal mass ejection detected on October 28, and many anxious skywatchers were rewarded with an enjoyable light show. While aurorae don\'t normally haunt skies in the southern United States, they were reported from locations in Missouri, Texas, New Mexico, and California in the early morning hours. Near Yampa, Colorado astronomer Jimmy Westlake also spent early yesterday morning enjoying the stormy space weather. He was impressed by this colorful apparition of the northern lights -- produced by oxygen and nitrogen atoms excited by collisions with energetic particles from the magnetosphere and returning to lower energy states, at altitudes of 100 kilometers or more. Brighter stars shine through the extreme high-altitude glow which shows much lower clouds and the distant horizon in silhouette.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Aurora in Colorado Skies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0310/aurora031029b_westlake_c1.jpg', 'Jimmy Westlake\n(Colorado\nMountain College)', 'Uranus'),
(72, '2021-11-17', 'Why doesn\'t the nearby galaxy create a gravitational lensing effect on the background galaxy? It does, but since both galaxies are so nearby, the angular shift is much smaller than the angular sizes of the galaxies themselves.  The featured Hubble image of NGC 3314 shows two large spiral galaxies which happen to line up exactly.  The foreground spiral NGC 3314a appears nearly face-on with its pinwheel shape defined by young bright star clusters.  Against the glow of the background galaxy NGC 3314b, though, dark swirling lanes of interstellar dust can also be seen tracing the nearer spiral\'s structure.  Both galaxies appear on the edge of the Hydra Cluster of Galaxies, a cluster that is about 200 million light years away. Gravitational lens distortions are much easier to see when the lensing galaxy is smaller and further away. Then, the background galaxy may even be distorted into a ring around the nearer. Fast gravitational lens flashes due to stars in the foreground galaxy momentarily magnifying the light from stars in the background galaxy might one day be visible in future observing campaigns with high-resolution telescopes.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/NGC3314_HubbleOstling_2014.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2111/NGC3314_HubbleOstling_960.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(73, '2024-01-13', 'rth\'s orbit around the Sun is not a circle, it\'s an ellipse. The point along its elliptical orbit where our fair planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion. This year, perihelion was on January 2 at 01:00 UTC, with the Earth about 3 million miles closer to the Sun than it was at aphelion (last July 6), the farthest point in its elliptical orbit. Of course, distance from the Sun doesn\'t determine the seasons, and it doesn\'t the determine size of Sun halos. Easier to see with the Sun hidden behind a tall tree trunk, this beautiful ice halo forms a 22 degree-wide circle around the Sun, recorded while strolling through the countryside near Heroldstatt, Germany. The Sun halo\'s 22 degree angular diameter is determined by the six-sided geometry of water ice crystals drifting high in planet Earth\'s atmosphere.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Circling the Sun', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2401/22halo_Zboran1115.jpg', 'Radoslav Zboran', 'Uranus'),
(74, '2025-01-17', 'Massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy live spectacular lives.  Collapsing from vast cosmic clouds, their nuclear furnaces ignite and create heavy elements in their cores. After only a few million years for the most massive stars, the enriched material is blasted back into interstellar space where star formation can begin anew. The expanding debris cloud known as Cassiopeia A is an example of this final phase of the stellar life cycle. Light from the supernova explosion that created this remnant would have been first seen in planet Earth\'s sky about 350 years ago, although it took that light 11,000 years to reach us. This sharp NIRCam image from the James Webb Space Telescope shows the still hot filaments and knots in the supernova remnant. The whitish, smoke-like outer shell of the expanding blast wave is about 20 light-years across. A series of light echoes from the massive star\'s cataclysmic explosion are also identified in Webb\'s detailed images of the surrounding interstellar medium.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_4096.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2501/CasA_nircam_1024.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(75, '2011-03-03', 'About 1,300 images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft\'s wide angle camera were used to compose this spectacular view of a familiar face - the lunar nearside. But why is there a lunar nearside? The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth at the same rate, about once every 28 days. Tidally locked in this configuration, the synchronous rotation always keeps one side, the nearside, facing Earth. As a result, featured in remarkable detail in the full resolution mosaic, the smooth, dark, lunar maria (actually lava-flooded impact basins), and rugged highlands, are well-known to earthbound skygazers. To find your favorite mare or large crater, just slide your cursor over the picture. The LRO images used to construct the mosaic were recorded over a two week period last December.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Lunar Nearside', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1103/lroc_wac_nearside800.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(76, '2003-06-26', 'On planet Earth, an analemma is the figure-8 loop you get when you mark the position of the Sun at the same time each day throughout the year. But similarly marking the position of the Sun in the Martian sky would produce the simpler, stretched pear shape in this digital illustration, based on the Mars Pathfinder project\'s famous Presidential Panorama view from the surface. The simulation shows the late afternoon Sun that would have been seen from the Sagan Memorial Station once every 30 Martian days (sols) beginning on Sol 24 (July 29, 1997). Slightly less bright, the simulated Sun is only about two thirds the size as seen from Earth, while the Martian dust, responsible for the reddish sky of Mars, also scatters some blue light around the solar disk. Astronomer Dennis Mammana offers the illustration to mark the hopeful beginning of an exciting new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet, with two new Mars missions now enroute and one preparing to launch.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_full.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Martian Analemma', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0306/marsalemma_mammana_c1.jpg', 'Dennis Mammana\n(Skyscapes)', 'Uranus'),
(77, '2020-09-17', 'The general trend of monthly sunspot data now confirms that the minimum of the approximately 11 year cycle of solar activity occurred in December 2019, marking the start of Solar Cycle 25. That quiet Sun, at minimum activity, appears on the right of this split hemispherical view. In contrast, the left side shows the active Sun at the recognized maximum of Solar Cycle 24, captured in April 2014. The extreme ultraviolet images from the orbiting Solar Dynamics Observatory highlight coronal loops and active regions in the light of highly ionized iron atoms. Driving the space weather around our fair planet, Solar Cycle 24 was a relatively calm one and predictions are that cycle 25 will be calm too. The cycle 25 activity maximum is expected in July 2025. Solar Cycle 1, the first solar cycle determined from early records of sunspot data, is considered to begin with a minimum in February 1755.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2009/ig_maxmin.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Solar Cycle 25 Has Begun', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2009/ig_maxmin.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(78, '2002-01-08', 'Rich star fields and glowing hydrogen gas silhouette dense, opaque clouds of interstellar gas and dust in this Hubble Space Telescope close-up of IC 2944, a bright star forming region in Centaurus, 5,900 light-years away. The largest of these dark globules, first spotted by South African astronomer A. D. Thackeray in 1950, is likely two separate but overlapping clouds, each more than one light-year wide. Combined the clouds contain material equivalent to about 15 times the mass of the Sun, but will they actually collapse to form massive stars? Along with other data, the sharp Hubble images indicate that Thackeray\'s globules are fractured and churning as a result of intense ultraviolet radiation from young, hot stars already energizing and heating the bright emission nebula. These and similar dark globules known to be associated with other star forming regions may ultimately be dissipated by their hostile environment -- like cosmic lumps of butter in a hot frying pan. The chevron shape of the picture outlines the detectors of the Hubble\'s WFPC2 camera.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/ic2944glob_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Thackeray\'s Globules', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/ic2944glob_hst.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(79, '2001-07-13', 'The most detailed proposal so far for a hotel and resort destination on the Moon (!) has been prepared by Dutch architect Hans-Jurgen Rombaut.  The harsh lunar environment posed serious design challenges but the Moon\'s low, one-sixth-Earth gravity, and the absence of wind were an architectural boon allowing a much more slender and fragile-looking building than would have been possible on Earth. Illustrated here, the structure\'s two 160 meter high needle-like towers soar over the rim of a deep canyon as planet Earth hangs in the lunar sky. To shield the interior, Rombaut designed 50 centimeter thick walls with two outer layers of Moon rock and a 35 centimeter layer of water held between glass planes. The water absorbs energetic cosmic rays and along with the rock helps keep the temperature constant. Windows are framed as holes in the rock layers. Construction materials are intended to be manufactured on the Moon itself. This Moon Hotel design is welcomed by the international Lunar Explorers Society, LUNEX, who hope to construct a robotic Moon base by 2015, ultimately supporting a lunar village by 2040.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Welcome to the Moon Hotel', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0107/maanhotel_rombaut.jpg', 'Hans-Jurgen Rombaut\n(courtesy Carl Koppeschaar\'s ASTRONET)', 'Uranus'),
(80, '1997-06-23', 'There it goes again.  Gas and rock were catapulted hundreds of kilometers into space as Jupiter\'s most volatile moon, Io, showed yet another impressive volcanic display in this just-released photograph by the Hubble Space Telescope. This time the culprit was Pele, a volcano thought previously inactive since photographed by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979. The explosion is visible on Io\'s lower left in this false-color photograph, taken in July 1996. Io\'s thin atmosphere and low gravity allow volcanic plumes to rise higher than they would on Earth.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Eruption on Io', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9706/ioerupt_hst.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(81, '2004-12-27', 'The center of the Andromeda galaxy is beautiful but strange.  Andromeda, indexed as M31, is so close to our own Milky Way Galaxy that it gives a unique perspective into galaxy composition by allowing us to see into its core.  Billions of stars swarm around a center that has two nuclei and likely houses a supermassive black hole over 5 million times the mass of our Sun.  M31 is about two million light years away and visible with the unaided eye towards the constellation of Andromeda, the princess.  Pictured above, dark knots of dust are seen superposed on the inner 10,000 light years of M31\'s core.  The brighter stars are foreground stars located in our Milky Way Galaxy.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/m31core_gendler_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Andromeda\'s Core', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0412/m31core_gendler.jpg', 'Robert Gendler', 'Uranus'),
(82, '1999-12-28', 'Fittingly, 1999 saw a decade of astronomical discoveries to an end with portents of things to come - embodied in new spacecraft, telescopes, and perspectives to explore the distant Universe across the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray astronomy in particular will likely flourish in coming years, judging from this year\'s successful launch of the triple-barrelled X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite and spectacular first results from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ground-based astronomy will flourished too as very large telescopes and new instruments have come online or near completion. Radio astronomers also achieved an observational milestone this year with the record breaking VLBI observations from a network of radio telescopes as large as planet Earth. But the APOD editors\' favorite astronomical screensaver of 1999 has leveraged the phenomenonal growth of the internet and the personal computer boom to support the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence in the SETI@home project - which has now likely involved more computer power than any other project in history.   News: APOD Home Switched During Y2K Transition', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - A Year Of New Perspectives', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9912/yearpeer.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(83, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Venus: Just Passing By', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(84, '2014-09-18', 'In this crowded starfield covering over 2 degrees within the high flying constellation Cygnus, the eye is drawn to the Cocoon Nebula. A compact star forming region, the cosmic Cocoon punctuates a long trail of obscuring interstellar dust clouds. Cataloged as IC 5146, the nebula is nearly 15 light-years wide, located some 4,000 light years away. Like other star forming regions, it stands out in red, glowing, hydrogen gas excited by the young, hot stars and blue, dust-reflected starlight at the edge of an otherwise invisible molecular cloud. In fact, the bright star near the center of this nebula is likely only a few hundred thousand years old, powering the nebular glow as it clears out a cavity in the molecular cloud\'s star forming dust and gas. But the long dusty filaments that appear dark in this visible light image are themselves hiding stars in the process of formation that can be seen seen at infrared wavelengths.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1409/cocoonIC5146pelliccia.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Cocoon Nebula Wide Field', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1409/cocoonIC5146pelliccia600h.jpg', 'Federico Pelliccia', 'Uranus'),
(85, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Uranus'),
(86, '2013-01-11', 'How do clusters of galaxies form and evolve? To help find out, astronomers continue to study the second closest cluster of galaxies to Earth: the Fornax cluster, named for the southern constellation toward which most of its galaxies can be found. Although almost 20 times more distant than our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, Fornax is only about 10 percent further that the better known and more populated Virgo cluster of galaxies. Fornax has a well-defined central region that contains many galaxies, but is still evolving. It has other galaxy groupings that appear distinct and have yet to merge. Seen here, almost every yellowish splotch on the image is an elliptical galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The picturesque barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 visible on the lower right is also a prominent Fornax cluster member.   Follow APOD on: Facebook (Daily) (Sky) (Spanish) or Google Plus (Daily) (River)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_3500.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Fornax Cluster of Galaxies', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1301/fornax_lorenzi_960.jpg', 'Marco Lorenzi', 'Uranus'),
(87, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Uranus'),
(88, '2007-03-14', 'Why do some spiral galaxies have a ring around the center?  First and foremost, M95 is one of the closer examples of a big and beautiful barred spiral galaxy.  Visible in the above recent image from the CFHT telescope in Hawaii, USA, are sprawling spiral arms delineate by open clusters of bright blue stars, lanes of dark dust, the diffuse glow of billions of faint stars, and a short bar across the galaxy center.  What intrigues many astronomers, however, is the circumnuclear ring around the galaxy center visible just outside the central bar.  Recent images by the Chandra X-ray Observatory have shown that X-ray light surrounding the ring is likely emission from recent supernovas.  Although the long term stability of the ring remains a topic of research, recent observations indicate its present brightness is at least enhanced by transient bursts of star formation. M95, also known as NGC 3351, spans about 50,000 light-years and can be seen with a small telescope toward the constellation of the Lion (Leo).', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0703/m95_cfht_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Barred Spiral Galaxy M95', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0703/m95_cfht.jpg', 'Jean-Charles\nCuillandre', 'Uranus');
INSERT INTO `URANUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(89, '2012-04-24', 'What would it look like to approach an asteroid in a spaceship? In 2010, ESA\'s robotic Rosetta spacecraft zipped past the asteroid 21 Lutetia taking data and snapping images in an effort to better determine the history of the asteroid and the origin of its unusual colors.  Recently, many images from a camera always facing the asteroid were compiled into the above video. Although of unknown composition, Lutetia is not massive enough for gravity to pull it into a sphere. The 100-kilometer across Lutetian was at that time the largest asteroid or comet nucleus that had been visited by a human-launched spacecraft. Orbiting in the main asteroid belt, Lutetia shows itself to be a heavily cratered remnant of the early Solar System. Now well past Lutetia, the Rosetta spacecraft is continuing onto comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko where a landing is planned for 2014.', '', 'video', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Rosetta Approaches Asteroid Lutetia', 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/KFIMqE-LS1I?rel=0', '', 'Uranus'),
(90, '2000-01-30', 'At night, from a dark location, part of the clear sky looks milky.  This unusual swath of dim light is generally visible during any month and from any location.  Until the invention of the telescope, nobody really knew what the \"Milky Way\" was.  About 300 years ago telescopes caused a startling revelation: the Milky Way was made of stars.  Only 70 years ago, more powerful telescopes brought the further revelation that the Milky Way is only one galaxy among many.  Now telescopes in space allow yet deeper understanding.  The above picture was taken by the COBE satellite and shows the plane of our Galaxy in infrared light. The thin disk of our home spiral galaxy is clearly apparent, with stars appearing white and interstellar dust appearing red.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - The Milky Way in Infrared', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe.jpg', '', 'Uranus'),
(91, '2017-01-14', 'Clouds of stardust drift through this deep skyscape. The cosmic scene spans nearly 2 degrees across the Perseus molecular cloud some 850 light-years away. A triangle of dusty nebulae reflecting light from embedded stars is captured in the telescopic field of view. With a characteristic bluish color reflection nebula NGC 1333 is at left, vdB13 at bottom right, and rare yellowish reflection nebula vdB12 lies at the top. Stars are forming in the Perseus molecular cloud, though most are obscured at visible wavelengths by the pervasive dust. Still, hints of contrasting red emission from Herbig-Haro objects, the jets and shocked glowing gas emanating from recently formed stars, are evident in NGC 1333. At the estimated distance of the molecular cloud, legs of the triangle formed by the reflection nebulae would be about 20 light-years long.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/NGC1333v13v12fenyes.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Uranus Study - Stardust in the Perseus Molecular Cloud', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1701/NGC1333v13v12fenyes1024.jpg', 'Lorand Fenyes', 'Uranus');

--
-- Déchargement des données de la table `VENUS`
--

INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(1, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 0)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(2, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 1)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(3, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 2)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(4, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 3)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(5, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 4)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(6, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 5)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(7, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 6)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(8, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 7)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(9, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 8)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(10, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 9)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(11, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 10)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(12, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 11)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(13, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 12)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(14, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 13)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(15, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 14)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(16, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 15)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(17, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 16)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(18, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 17)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(19, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 18)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(20, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 19)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(21, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 20)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(22, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 21)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(23, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 22)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(24, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 23)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(25, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 24)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(26, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 25)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(27, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 26)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(28, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 27)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(29, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 28)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(30, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 29)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(31, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 30)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(32, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 31)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(33, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 32)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(34, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 33)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(35, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 34)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(36, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 35)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(37, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 36)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(38, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 37)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(39, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 38)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(40, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 39)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(41, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 40)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(42, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 41)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(43, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 42)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(44, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 43)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(45, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 44)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(46, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 45)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(47, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 46)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(48, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 47)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(49, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 48)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(50, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 49)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(51, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 50)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(52, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 51)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(53, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 52)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(54, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 53)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(55, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 54)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(56, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 55)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(57, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 56)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(58, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 57)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(59, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 58)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(60, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 59)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(61, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 60)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(62, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 61)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(63, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 62)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(64, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 63)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(65, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 64)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(66, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 65)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(67, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 66)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(68, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 67)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(69, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 68)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(70, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 69)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(71, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 70)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(72, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 71)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(73, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 72)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(74, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 73)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(75, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 74)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(76, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 75)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(77, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 76)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(78, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 77)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(79, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 78)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(80, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 79)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(81, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 80)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(82, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 81)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(83, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 82)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(84, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 83)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(85, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 84)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(86, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 85)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(87, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 86)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(88, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 87)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(89, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 88)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(90, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 89)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(91, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 90)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(92, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 91)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(93, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 92)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(94, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 93)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(95, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 94)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(96, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 95)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(97, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 96)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(98, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 97)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(99, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 98)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(100, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 99)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(101, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 100)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(102, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 101)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(103, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 102)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(104, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 103)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(105, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 104)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(106, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 105)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(107, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 106)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(108, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 107)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(109, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 108)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(110, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 109)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(111, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 110)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(112, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 111)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(113, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 112)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(114, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 113)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(115, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 114)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(116, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 115)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(117, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 116)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(118, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 117)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(119, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 118)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(120, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 119)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(121, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 120)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(122, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 121)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(123, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 122)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(124, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 123)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(125, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 124)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(126, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 125)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(127, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 126)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(128, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 127)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(129, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 128)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(130, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 129)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(131, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 130)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(132, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 131)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(133, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 132)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(134, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 133)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(135, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 134)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(136, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 135)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(137, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 136)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(138, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 137)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(139, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 138)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(140, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 139)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(141, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 140)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(142, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 141)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(143, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 142)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(144, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 143)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(145, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 144)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(146, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 145)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(147, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 146)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(148, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 147)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(149, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 148)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(150, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 149)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(151, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 150)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(152, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 151)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(153, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 152)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(154, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 153)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(155, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 154)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(156, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 155)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(157, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 156)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(158, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 157)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(159, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 158)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(160, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 159)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(161, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 160)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(162, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 161)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(163, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 162)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(164, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 163)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(165, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 164)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(166, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 165)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(167, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 166)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(168, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 167)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(169, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 168)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(170, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 169)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(171, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 170)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(172, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 171)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(173, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 172)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(174, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 173)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(175, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 174)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(176, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 175)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(177, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 176)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(178, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 177)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(179, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 178)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(180, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 179)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(181, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 180)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(182, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 181)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(183, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 182)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(184, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 183)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(185, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 184)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(186, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 185)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(187, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 186)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(188, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 187)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(189, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 188)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(190, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 189)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(191, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 190)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(192, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 191)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(193, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 192)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(194, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 193)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(195, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 194)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(196, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 195)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(197, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 196)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(198, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 197)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(199, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 198)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(200, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 199)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(201, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 200)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(202, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 201)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(203, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 202)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(204, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 203)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(205, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 204)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(206, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 205)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(207, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 206)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(208, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 207)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(209, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 208)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(210, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 209)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(211, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 210)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(212, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 211)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(213, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 212)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(214, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 213)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(215, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 214)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(216, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 215)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(217, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 216)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(218, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 217)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(219, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 218)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(220, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 219)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(221, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 220)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(222, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 221)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(223, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 222)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(224, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 223)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(225, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 224)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(226, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 225)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(227, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 226)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(228, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 227)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(229, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 228)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(230, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 229)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(231, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 230)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(232, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 231)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(233, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 232)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(234, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 233)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(235, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 234)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(236, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 235)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(237, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 236)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(238, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 237)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(239, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 238)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(240, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 239)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(241, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 240)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(242, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 241)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(243, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 242)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(244, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 243)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(245, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 244)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(246, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 245)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(247, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 246)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(248, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 247)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(249, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 248)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(250, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 249)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(251, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 250)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(252, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 251)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(253, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 252)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(254, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 253)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(255, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 254)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(256, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 255)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(257, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 256)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(258, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 257)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(259, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 258)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(260, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 259)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(261, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 260)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(262, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 261)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(263, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 262)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(264, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 263)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(265, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 264)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(266, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 265)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(267, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 266)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(268, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 267)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(269, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 268)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(270, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 269)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(271, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 270)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(272, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 271)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(273, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 272)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(274, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 273)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(275, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 274)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(276, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 275)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(277, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 276)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(278, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 277)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(279, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 278)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(280, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 279)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(281, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 280)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(282, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 281)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(283, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 282)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(284, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 283)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(285, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 284)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(286, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 285)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(287, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 286)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(288, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 287)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(289, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 288)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(290, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 289)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(291, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 290)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(292, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 291)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(293, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 292)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(294, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 293)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(295, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 294)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(296, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 295)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(297, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 296)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(298, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 297)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(299, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 298)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(300, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 299)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(301, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 300)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(302, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 301)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(303, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 302)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(304, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 303)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(305, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 304)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(306, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 305)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(307, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 306)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(308, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 307)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(309, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 308)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(310, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 309)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(311, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 310)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(312, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 311)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(313, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 312)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(314, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 313)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(315, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 314)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(316, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 315)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(317, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 316)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(318, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 317)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(319, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 318)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(320, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 319)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(321, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 320)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(322, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 321)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(323, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 322)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(324, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 323)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(325, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 324)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(326, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 325)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(327, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 326)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(328, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 327)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(329, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 328)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(330, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 329)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(331, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 330)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(332, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 331)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(333, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 332)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(334, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 333)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(335, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 334)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(336, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 335)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(337, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 336)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(338, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 337)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(339, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 338)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(340, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 339)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(341, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 340)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(342, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 341)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(343, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 342)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(344, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 343)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(345, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 344)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(346, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 345)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(347, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 346)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(348, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 347)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(349, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 348)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(350, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 349)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(351, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 350)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(352, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 351)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(353, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 352)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(354, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 353)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(355, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 354)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(356, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 355)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(357, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 356)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(358, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 357)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(359, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 358)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(360, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 359)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(361, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 360)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(362, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 361)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(363, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 362)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(364, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 363)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(365, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 364)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(366, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 365)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(367, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 366)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(368, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 367)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(369, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 368)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(370, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 369)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(371, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 370)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(372, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 371)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(373, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 372)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(374, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 373)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(375, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 374)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(376, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 375)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(377, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 376)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(378, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 377)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(379, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 378)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(380, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 379)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(381, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 380)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(382, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 381)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(383, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 382)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(384, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 383)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(385, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 384)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(386, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 385)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(387, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 386)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(388, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 387)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(389, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 388)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(390, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 389)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(391, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 390)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(392, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 391)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(393, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 392)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(394, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 393)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(395, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 394)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(396, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 395)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(397, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 396)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(398, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 397)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(399, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 398)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(400, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 399)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(401, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 400)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(402, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 401)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(403, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 402)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(404, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 403)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(405, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 404)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(406, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 405)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(407, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 406)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(408, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 407)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(409, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 408)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(410, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 409)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(411, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 410)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(412, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 411)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(413, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 412)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(414, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 413)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(415, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 414)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(416, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 415)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(417, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 416)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(418, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 417)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(419, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 418)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(420, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 419)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(421, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 420)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(422, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 421)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(423, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 422)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(424, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 423)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(425, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 424)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(426, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 425)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(427, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 426)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(428, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 427)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(429, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 428)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(430, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 429)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(431, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 430)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(432, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 431)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(433, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 432)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(434, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 433)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(435, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 434)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(436, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 435)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(437, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 436)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(438, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 437)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(439, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 438)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(440, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 439)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(441, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 440)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(442, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 441)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(443, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 442)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(444, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 443)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(445, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 444)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(446, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 445)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(447, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 446)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(448, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 447)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(449, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 448)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(450, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 449)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(451, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 450)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(452, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 451)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(453, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 452)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(454, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 453)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(455, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 454)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(456, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 455)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(457, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 456)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(458, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 457)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(459, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 458)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(460, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 459)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(461, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 460)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(462, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 461)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(463, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 462)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(464, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 463)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(465, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 464)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(466, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 465)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(467, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 466)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(468, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 467)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(469, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 468)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(470, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 469)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(471, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 470)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(472, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 471)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(473, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 472)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(474, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 473)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(475, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 474)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(476, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 475)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(477, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 476)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(478, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 477)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(479, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 478)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(480, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 479)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(481, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 480)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(482, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 481)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(483, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 482)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(484, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 483)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(485, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 484)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(486, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 485)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(487, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 486)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(488, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 487)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(489, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 488)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(490, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 489)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus');
INSERT INTO `VENUS` (`id`, `date`, `explanation`, `hdurl`, `media_type`, `service_version`, `title`, `url`, `copyright`, `planete_nom`) VALUES
(491, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 490)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(492, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 491)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(493, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 492)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(494, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 493)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(495, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 494)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(496, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 495)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(497, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 496)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(498, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 497)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(499, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 498)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(500, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 499)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus'),
(501, '2008-12-13', 'On the night of December 13, 1908, 100 years ago today, the 60-inch diameter reflecting telescope of Mount Wilson Observatory was first tested on the stars. It became the first successful large reflecting telescope. The 60-inch reflector demonstrated a scalable design that used a mirror to gather faint starlight, rather than a large and more difficult to support lens, becoming the granddaddy of all, even larger, modern telescopes. Now-famous astronomers, including Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble, were able to use the 60-inch reflector to embark on a new kind of exploration of stars, distant galaxies, and the nature of the universe. Still looking skyward a century after its first light, the historic telescope is seen here pointing toward one of the most recognizable celestial events of 2008, the remarkable conjunction of Moon, Venus, and Jupiter.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'The 60-inch Reflector (Ref 500)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0812/MtWilson-60-InchDec01.jpg', 'Wally Pacholka', 'Venus'),
(502, '2007-10-02', 'If you went outside at exactly the same time every day and took a picture that included the Sun, how would the Sun appear to move?  With great planning and effort, such a series of images can be taken.   The figure-8 path the Sun follows over the course of a year is called an analemma.  With even greater planning and effort, the series can include a total eclipse of the Sun as one of the images. Pictured is such a total solar eclipse analemma or Tutulemma - a term coined by the photographers based on the Turkish word for eclipse. The composite image sequence was recorded from Turkey starting in 2005. The base image for the sequence is from the total phase of a solar eclipse as viewed from Side, Turkey on 2006 March 29. Venus was also visible during totality, toward the lower right.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel_big.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Tutulemma: Solar Eclipse Analemma (Ref 501)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0710/tutulemma2_tezel.jpg', 'Tunc\nTezel\nand\nCenk E. Tezel', 'Venus'),
(503, '1998-05-01', 'Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, is a popular way-point for spacecraft headed for the gas giant planets in the outer reaches of the solar system. Why visit Venus first? Using a \" gravity assist \" maneuver, spacecraft can swing by planets and gain energy during their brief encounter saving fuel for use at the end of their long interplanetary voyage. This colorized image of Venus was recorded by the Jupiter-bound Galileo spacecraft shortly after its gravity assist flyby of Venus in February of 1990. Galileo\'s glimpse of the veiled planet shows structure in swirling sulfuric acid clouds. The bright area is sunlight glinting off the upper cloud deck. The Saturn-bound Cassini spacecraft just completed its own flyby of Venus on April 26. Launched in October of 1997, Cassini should reach Saturn in July 2004.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal_big.gif', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus: Just Passing By (Ref 502)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9805/venus1_gal.jpg', '', 'Venus'),
(504, '2013-10-18', 'The bulging center of our Milky Way Galaxy rests on a pillar of light in this luminous skyscape. Recorded on September 22nd in dark South African skies, rivers of dust seem to flow downward from the galactic center towards Antares, yellowish alpha star of the constellation Scorpius, near the top of the scene. The brightest celestial beacon present is not a star at all though, but planet Venus, still dominant in the western sky after sunset. Of course, the pillar of light stretching upward from the horizon is Zodiacal light. Sunlight scattered by dust along the plane of the ecliptic creates the zodiacal glow, prominent in the evening after twilight during the southern hemisphere spring.', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Venus, Zodiacal Light, and the Galactic Center (Ref 503)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1310/galcentre_venus_jschmoll900.jpg', 'Juergen Schmoll', 'Venus'),
(505, '2012-06-06', 'A setting full moon rarely looks like this. Monday morning just before a fully lit Strawberry Moon dropped behind the Absaroka Mountain Range near Cody, Wyoming, USA, the shadow of the Earth got in the way. A similarly setting partial lunar eclipse was visible throughout most of North and South America, while simultaneously the same partially darkened moon was visible throughout eastern Asia. Pictured in the foreground is a snowbank formation known as the Horse\'s Head off a tributary of the Shoshone River. Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year, and the next one -- a penumbral eclipse -- will occur in late November.   Venus Transit Gallery:  Browse or Contribute!', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_3000.jpg', 'image', 'v1', 'Eclipsed Moon Over Wyoming (Ref 504)', 'https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1206/lunareclipse_frost_960.jpg', 'Mack H. Frost', 'Venus');
COMMIT;

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